Chapter 8 Notes Plant Reproduction – 2 types  Produce offspring that are genetically identical to the parent (Asexual) Produce offspring that are genetically.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Chapter 43 Opener Amorphophallus titanium, also known as "corpse flower," has rarely been coaxed to bloom in the U.S. The central projection, called a.
Advertisements

Chapter 10 Plant Reproduction.
Chapter 24: Plant Reproduction and response
Classify Which plant structures are male sexual organs and which are female sexual organs Apply Concepts Relate the characteristics of angiosperms reproduction.
Plants.  Asexual reproduction: one living organism involved.  Offspring identical to parent.  Sexual reproduction: requires one male and one female.
Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Flowering Plants - Reproduction
Plant Reproduction Chapter 31.
Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Plant Reproduction Chapter 41.
Bellringer-April 1, 2014 How do flowers reproduce?
making more of a species
Ch. 38 Warm-Up Compare and contrast:
Reproduction in Angiosperms
 Does not involve sex cells  One organism is producing offspring  Most plants have this type of reproduction  Used by plants who do not produce.
Plant Reproduction Chapter 30. Reproductive Structures of Flowering Plants  Flowers are the reproductive shoots of angiosperm sporophytes  Spores that.
Plant Adaptations for Success on Land Vascular tissue Evolution of the seed that provides food and protection Many methods of seed dispersal Evolution.
Vascular Seed Plants Angiosperms.
Sexual Reproduction In Animals and Plants
Introduction to Plant Reproduction
Evolution of the seed.
Plant Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Asexual reproduction is natural “cloning.” Parts of the plant, such as leaves or stems, produce roots and become.
Plant Reproduction Asexual and Sexual (yes, sexual!)
Chapter 38 Angiosperm Reproduction.
CHAPTER 38 PLANT REPRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Section A1: Sexual Reproduction.
Angiosperm Reproduction Chapter Recall: Alternation of Generations In angiosperms: – Sporophyte is dominant – Reduced gametophyte, dependent.
Chapter 15 Plant Reproduction
AP Biology Chapter 38. Plant Reproduction.
AP Biology Plant Reproduction. AP Biology The parasitic plant Rafflesia arnoldii (aka the corpse flower!)  Produces enormous flowers that can.
Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Seed Reproduction Chapter 9 Notes. Seed Reproduction Plants need to reproduce to carry on their species. Plants reproduce due to the movement of pollen.
Reproduction ASEXUAL VS. SEXUAL.
Chapter 24 Reproduction in Plants. Alternation of Generations All plants have a life cycle in which a diploid sporophyte generation alternates with a.
Angiosperm Reproduction. What you need to know: The process of double fertilization, a unique feature of angiosperms. The relationship between seed and.
Reproduction in Plants. Flower Reproductive structure of angiosperm Sporophyte – diploid  Produces haploid spores  Mitosis produces haploid gametophyte.
Plant Reproduction Chapter 31. Plants and Pollinators Pollen had evolved by 390 million years ago Pollen had evolved by 390 million years ago Sperm packed.
Aim: How are plants adapted to reproduce? Flower Alternation of Generations.
Chapter 3: Plant Growth and Reproduction 5 th grade Science Teacher Imarlys Cajigas Big Idea: Plants have a variety of structures to help them carry out.
Plant Classification & Reproduction. Plants can be classified into 2 main groups: Non-seed plants  mosses = no vascular systems  ferns = vascular systems.
AP Biology Chapter 38. Plant Reproduction.
Chapter 4: Plant Reproduction
Principles of Biology BIOL 100C: Introductory Biology III Plant Reproduction Dr. P. Narguizian Fall 2012.
14.4 The Life Cycle of Flowering Plants Biology 1001 November 25, 2005.
Chapter 20 REPRODUCTION OF FLOWERING PLANTS. A. Asexual Reproduction Parent plant produces progeny that are genetically identical to it and to each other.
Pollination Occurs when pollen reaches the stigma
 Plants life cycles have two alternating phases known as alternation of generations: 1. A diploid (2N) phase known as the sporophyte (spore producing.
Reproduction in Flowering Plants.
Angiosperm Reproduction
Plants Day 3.
Which of the following is a sporophyte?
Plant Reproduction and Development
Plant Reproduction and Development
Asexual Reproduction Versus Sexual Reproduction
Plant life cycles alternate between producing spores and gametes.
Plant Reproduction.
Plant Reproduction.
REPRODUCTION OF FLOWERING PLANTS
Plant Classification & Reproduction
Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Chapter 38 Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology
Plant Reproduction.
Plants Part 7: Reproduction
Reproduction of Seed Plants
ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS a defining feature of plants
Angiosperm Reproduction
Chapter 38. Plant Reproduction
Plant Reproduction.
Plants: Reproduction, Growth, & Sustainability
Plant Reproduction Chapter 30.
Presentation transcript:

Chapter 8 Notes Plant Reproduction – 2 types  Produce offspring that are genetically identical to the parent (Asexual) Produce offspring that are genetically different from the parents (Sexual)

Advantages and Disadvantages (Table 9.1)  Sexual Reproduction o Advantage  Some offspring are more adapted,  New site could be different from parents site  Environment changes will affect some but not all o Disadvantage  Isolated individuals CANNOT reproduce  New site colonization is not rapid Some offspring are less adapted

Advantages and Disadvantages (Table 9.1)  Asexual Reproduction o Advantage  Can rapidly colonize new site if it is suitable  Isolated individuals CAN reproduce o Disadvantage  All may be adversely affected by minor environmental changes  All as adapted as the parent; none more or less

Asexual Reproduction  Fragmentation – o parts of plant break off and form new plants. o Adventitious shoots form from roots o Examples include cacti, Airplane plant, Aspen * a several acre grove of Aspen may be just one individual plant

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Plant Life Cycle  Plants have 2 phases in life cycle o Sporophyte phase (2N) o Gametophyte phase (1N) Familiar plants (trees, shrubs) are just one phase in the life cycle-Sporophytes

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Sporophyte phase  Sporophytes have sex organs—flowers in Angiospems  Meiosis occurs in sex organs to produce spores (not gametes) o Gametes can fuse (syngamy) to produce 2N zygote o Spores cannot fuse o Spores grow into new haploid (1N) gametophyte  Megaspore is 1N and becomes megagametophye in the ovary o This produces the megagamete (egg)  Microspore is 1N and becomes microgametophyte in the Anther o This produces the microgamete (pollen)  Megagamete and microgamete fuse to produce zygote o The zygote grows to become the seed. o Seed grows into the new sporophyte

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Gametophyte phase  Gametophyte looks nothing like the sporophyte in vascular plants.  Gametophyte has no roots, stems, leaves or vascular tissue (Fig. 9.4, p. 233)  Gametes are formed by mitosis (not meiosis)  Gametes fuse (syngamy) forming a zygote that grows into a new sporophyte **This life cycle, with 2 generations—sporophyte and gametophyte—is called Alternation of Generations.

Fertilization  Fertilization occurs when the microgamete and megagamete fuse, a.k.a., syngamy  Syngamy consists of 2 parts o Plasmogamy – the cells fuse o Karyogamy – the nuclei fuse Results in a 2N zygote  seed  sporophyte

FRUIT TYPES (Table 9.5, p. 256) 1.Compound Fruits a.Aggregate fruit—carpels of flower NOT fused but grow together during fruit maturation  Raspberry, blackberry b.Multiple fruit—all the fruits grow together during maturations  pineapple

Fruit Development  Ovary develops into a fruit that contains the seed(s)  Flower parts may persist (apple) or die and fall off (orange)  Fruits often have 3 distinct layers o Exocarp—outermost layer (skin or peel) o Mesocarp—middle layer (flesh) o Endocarp—inner layer (pit or stone)  Pericarp = exocarp + mesocarp + endocarp

Pollination  Occurs when pollen reaches the stigma  2 types—cross-pollination and self-pollination o Cross-pollination—pollination by a different individual o Self-pollination—pollination by the same individual  Self-pollination has similar results as asexual reproduction  Cross-pollination is similar to reproduction in mammals o insures the mixing of genetic material o insures genetic diversity

Mechanisms to Insure Cross- pollination  Stamen and Style mature at different times  Stigma and pollen are incompatible—stigma prevents pollen growth if it’s from the same plant  Monoecious and Dioecious species o Monoecious—male / female flowers on the same plant  Example = corn o Dioecious—male / female flowers on different plants o Example = dates, willows

Animals and Pollination  Wind pollination is inefficient and “expensive”—why?  Angiosperms and insects begin association 120 mya  Angiosperms and Insects evolved together—co- evolution o Plants developed flowers that attracted pollinators o Insects developed body parts to reach nectar o Some flowers developed bilateral symmetry to match the pollinator o Co-evolution also occurred with birds and bats  Some bizarre adaptations for pollination can be found at: df df

 Some plants developed to protect the ovary from damage by animals. The bases of the stamens, petals and sepals fuse around the ovary, and the “flower” begins above the ovary. This is an “inferior ovary”  Some did not develop this way, and the ovary is above the petals, sepals and stamens. This is a “superior ovary”.  (See Figure 9.29 on p. 251)

Inflorescences  Refers to how the flower is positioned on the plant.  Consult pp Seed Dispersal (and examples)—the big 5!  Wind (Dandelion)  Water (Coconut palm)  Thrown from the parent plant (Poppy)  Attaches to an animal and is carried away (Beggars Lice)  Eaten by animals and deposited elsewhere (Apple)