Design of a Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine MUN VAWT DESIGN Group 11 Jonathan Clarke Luke Hancox Daniel MacKenzie Matthew Whelan

INTRODUCTION For many remote communities, electrical power is provided by diesel generators Wind power is a viable option to offset the cost of fuel Our goal is to design a vertical-axis wind turbine specifically for operation in remote communities in Newfoundland and Labrador Image Credits: The Telegram

PROJECT GOALS Work in conjunction with diesel generators Simple design to reduce manufacturing costs and maintenance issues Sized to provide required energy with the ability to be shipped to remote/isolated areas Able to account for variable wind conditions in the target area Design will focus on aerodynamic and structural analysis

BENEFITS OF A VERTICAL AXIS DESIGN Heavy drivetrain components are located at the base Easier to maintain They operate from winds in any direction No yaw system required Generate less noise than horizontal-axis turbines The characteristics of VAWT designs make them favourable for offshore environments

WEATHER DATA Hourly wind speed data in the target area was collected from Environment Canada Period from September 2012 to September 2013 Average wind speed is around 18 km/h, or 5 m/s Records of maximum wind gust intensity and duration were also available Maximum gust speed was 120 km/h, or 34 m/s

SAMPLE WIND DATA

VAWT SIZING Average power consumption in Newfoundland and Labrador homes in January is 3.8kW (according to Statistics Canada) 100kW will provide enough energy for ~25 homes Turbine parts should be able to be shipped via aircraft or boat Nameplate capacity of a turbine is usually the maximum it will generate Different wind conditions lead to different generation rates

STATE-OF-THE-ART VAWT Types Airfoils NACA 0018 DU 06-W-200

STATE-OF-THE-ART Number of Blades Solidity Concentrator Measurement of blade area over rotor area Concentrator

VAWT CONFIGURATIONS Two main configurations: Savonius and Darrieus Savonius is drag driven Darrieus is lift driven High torque, low speed High speed, high efficiency

DARRIUS CONFIGURATIONS Source: A Retrospective of VAWT technology (2012), H. Sutherland et. al

Full Darrieus, V-Rotor Darrieus, Savonius PRELIMINARY DESIGN Based on preliminary research, the general configuration of the turbine design was selected Criteria Optimal Choice Alternatives Configuration H-Rotor Darrieus Full Darrieus, V-Rotor Darrieus, Savonius # of Blades 3 2 to 5 Airfoil DU 06-W-200 NACA-Series Airfoils Solidity 0.35 0.15 to 0.5 Source: Determination of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Configuration through CFD Simulations P. Sabaeifard et. al

PRELIMINARY DESIGN A “H-Darrieus” configuration combines the high efficiency of a Darrieus turbine with the simplicity of the “H” configuration A 3-bladed design increases rotor stability, eliminates symmetrical loading and reduces torque ripple in the drive train Based on research findings, a DU 06-W-200 airfoil and a solidity of 0.35 should be selected

NEXT STEPS First phase of the project is complete Preliminary research and concept selection Second phase will be from February 7th to March 7th Preliminary aerodynamic modelling and structural design Selection of generator and ancillary components Third phase will be from March 7th to April 4th Detailed aerodynamic modelling and final design of structure Economic analysis Prototype construction if time permits Final deliverable will be a detailed aerodynamic model

ENGI 8926 Mechanical Design Project II MUN VAWT DESIGN ENGI 8926 Mechanical Design Project II QUESTIONS? http://www.munvawtdesign.weebly.com