C ardio P ulmonary R esuscitation

Objectives Describe basic heart and lung anatomy List five signs or symptoms of a heart or brain attack Describes actions to take for a heart/brain attack victim List the three major controllable risk factors for heart disease and stroke Demonstrate 1 and 2 rescuer CPR Understand why early defibrillation is so important

The Need for Medical Intervention 6.3 million Americans have CHD Cardiovascular disease is responsible for 1 million deaths a year 500,000 die from CAD Most deaths occur suddenly 2/3 occur outside the hospital Most occur within 2 hours of onset

Sudden Death The sudden stoppage of the heart beat and breathing

Types of Death Clinical= minutes Biological= greater than 4 minutes

Survival rates Initiation of CPR (min) Arrival of ACLS (min) Survival rate (%)

Chain of Survival Early Recognition Early CPR Early Defibrillation Early Advanced Life Support

Circulatory System Heart Arteries Capillaries Veins

Heart Size of your fist 4 chamber pump Beats over 42 million times a year Deliver oxygen rich blood to all the organs and tissues and deliver unoxygenated blood back to the lungs for gas exchange

Respiratory System Upper airway Nose Mouth Larynx Pharynx Lower airway Trachea Bronchus (Rt and Lt) Bronchioles Alveoli

Lungs Gas exchange Bring in oxygen (Fuel for cells) Remove Carbon Dioxide (Waste product of cellular metabolism) Respond under stress

Atherosclerosis Gradual thickening of the inner arterial walls with fatty deposits, plaque. (Saturated fats, LDL Cholesterol

Acute Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack) “Condition caused by partial or complete occlusion of one or more of the coronary arteries” Tabor’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

Signs and Symptoms of a Heart Attack Chest pain/pressure Nausea/Vomiting Sweating Short of breath Pain radiates Weakness Not feeling well Syncope Denial Anxiety

Risk Factors Smoking Stress Weight Exercise Diet High BP Heredity Age Gender Diabetes Blood Cholesterol Levels

Special Situations Stroke (Brain Attack) Hypothermia Trauma Electric Shock Pregnancy Asphyxiation Overdose Suicide Allergies Respiratory Near Drowning Poisoning

STROKE 3rd leading cause death Leading cause disability 500,000 a year Stroke belt Ischemic/Hemorrhagic HTN, Smoking Rich Blood Heart Disease/A-fib TIA/Hx stroke Age/Men/Heredity Diabetes/Race

Types of Stroke Ischemic (most common) A vessel is completely or partially blocked Hemorrhagic A weakened blood vessel lets go and leaks blood into the brain cavity

Risk Factors for Stroke Smoking Stress Weight Exercise Diet Hypertension #1 Previous Stroke Hx of Mini Strokes Heredity Age Gender Diabetes Blood Cholesterol Levels

Signs and Symptoms of a Stroke Weakness or paralysis to one side of the body Inability to speak Slurred speech Inappropriate speech Headache/Dizzy Unconscious Altered mental status Facial droop/drooling Incontinence Airway compromise