RESPIRATORY SYSTEM CHAPTER 7 FUNCTIONS & STRUCTURES

TERM REVIEW -rrhea –Abnormal discharge -rrhagia –bleeding -ectomy –Surgical removal -otomy –surgical incision -ostomy –Surgical creation of an opening

FUNCTIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Bring oxygen-rich air into the body for delivery to the blood cells Expel waste products (carbon dioxide and water) that have been returned to the lungs by the blood Produce the air flow through the larynx that makes speech possible

STRUCTURES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Upper respiratory tract –Nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, and trachea Lower respiratory tract –Bronchial tree and lungs –Protected by the thoracic cavity which surrounds and protects all of the structures within the chest

UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT Nose –Nasal cavity –Nasal septum –Mucous membranes –Mucus –Cilia –Olfactory receptors Tonsils Sinuses

UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT Pharynx –C–Carries both food and air –3–3 divisions Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx Larynx –T–Thyroid cartilage, commonly known as the Adam’s apple, protects the larynx Trachea

LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT Bronchial tree –Bronchi –Bronchioles Lungs –Lobes Right lung has 3 lobes. Superior, Middle, and Inferior lobes. Left lung has 2 lobes. Superior and Inferior. Alveoli

MISC. RESPIRATORY STRUCTURES Mediastinum Pleura –Parietal –Visceral Diaphragm –muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdomen –Stimulated by the phrenic nerve

VENTILATION Inhalation Exhalation One ventilation = one inhalation & one exhalation

RESPIRATION The exchange of gases External respiration –Occurs within the lungs Internal respiration –Occurs within the cells

MEDICAL SPECIALTIES RELATED TO THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Otolaryngologist –Otorhinolaryngologist Pulmonologist –Specialist in disorders of the lungs and associated tissues

DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES Respiratory Rate (RR) Pulmonary Function tests Phlegm Sputum Bronchoscopy Laryngoscopy Spirometry

DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES CONT. TB testing –Tuberculin skin testing (TST) –Mantoux method –PPD Chest imaging –Chest x-rays