WORLD GEOGRAPHY VOCABULARY UNIT 4 Human Geography

AN EXTRA TERM: Pollution -- the existence of impure, unclean, or poisonous substances in the air, water, or land

TYPES OF ECONOMIES:  Traditional economy -- a system in which tradition and custom control all economic activity; exists in only a few parts of the world today  Market economy -- an economic system based on free enterprise, in which business are privately owned, and production and prices are determined by supply and demand  Mixed economy -- an economy in which the government supports and regulates enterprise through decisions that affect the marketplace  Command economy -- An economic system in that all or many of the means of production and distribution are owned and controlled by the government.

… which scene is from a developed country & which is from an undeveloped country?

ECONOMIC (money $$$$) ACTIVITIES --  Natural resource -- substance from the earth that is not made by people but can be used by them  Developed country -- country that has a great deal of technology and manufacturing  Developing country -- country in the process of becoming industrialized  Industrialization -- transition from an agricultural society to one based on industry  Free trade -- the removal of trade barriers so that goods can flow freely between countries

Markets like those seen on Travel Channel’s BIZARRE FOODS T.V. series are pretty good examples of traditional economic activities …

POLITICS & GOVERNMENT …  Oligarchy -- system of government in which a small group holds power  Democracy -- Any system of government in which leaders rule with consent of the citizens  Unitary system -- a government in which all key powers are given to the national or central government  Federal system -- form of government in which powers are divided between the national government and the state or provincial government  Autocracy -- A system of government in which one person has all the authority and power to rule.

POPULATION (# of people) FACTORS;  Death rate -- The number of deaths each year for every 1,000 people  Birthrate -- the number of births each year for every 1,000 people  Natural Increase -- the growth rate of a population; the difference between birthrate and death rate  Doubling time -- the number of years it takes a population to double in size  Population distribution -- the pattern of population in a country, a continent, or the world  Population density -- the average number of people in a square mile or square kilometer  Migration -- the movement of people from place to place

The earth has more than doubled in population in 40 years (more than 1 billion person increase every 10 years)

HUMAN CULTURE TERMS  Culture -- way of life of a group of people who share beliefs and similar customs  Language family -- group of related languages that have al developed from one earlier language  Ethnic group -- group of people who share common ancestry, language, religion, customs, or combination of such characteristics  Culture region -- division of the earth based on a variety of factors, including government, social groups, economic systems, language or religion  cultural diffusion -- the spread of new knowledge and skills from one culture to another  Culture hearth -- a center where cultures developed and from which ideas and traditions spread outward

A McDonald's in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Businesses as well as people can exemplify cultural diffusion.