Safer Skies The Safer Skies agenda originated in 1998 when the Administrator and her team identified the most critical and most common causes for aviation accidents.

Risk Management The Safer Skies program in general is about identifying risk issues and doing something about them.

Aviation Weather 27% of all aviation accidents are weather- related, and that over 90% of all weather accidents were caused by pilot error, deficiencies in pilot judgment, and shortcomings having to do with any number of other problems of pilot origin 27%

Aviation Weather 27% of all aviation accidents are weather- related, and that over 90% of all weather accidents were caused by pilot error, deficiencies in pilot judgment, and shortcomings having to do with any number of other problems of pilot origin Over 90%

Information Management A pilot needs to go beyond just knowing about weather;

Information Management A pilot needs to know how to plan for it and deal with it in the course of a flight

Pilot Responsibility It’s not weather that crashes airplanes... It’s pilots making bad decisions about weather

PPP A simple way to apply the decision making process is the three P’s... Perceive, Process, Perform

Dangerous Business 9087 general aviation accidents in an estimated 138 million flight hours.

Dangerous Business 9087 general aviation accidents in an estimated 138 million flight hours one accident for every 1500 flight hours

Dangerous Business 9087 general aviation accidents in an estimated 138 million flight hours. one accident for every 1500 flight hours Of these 9087 accidents, 1716 were fatal

Dangerous Business 9087 general aviation accidents in an estimated 138 million flight hours. one accident for every 1500 flight hours

Dangerous Business Of these 9087 accidents, 1716 were fatal resulting in 2976 deaths 27% of all G.A. accidents are weather related

Dangerous Business 27% of all G.A. accidents are weather related 490 per year relate to weather 30% of weather accidents are fatal

Dangerous Business 254 deaths per year that can be attributed to weather and pilots’ inability to cope with the conditions and the circumstances

Solutions Knowledge Training Discipline

Solutions KNOWLEDGE Common Sense Education

Solutions KNOWLEDGE Common Sense Education

Solutions TRAINING Initial Training

Solutions TRAINING Initial Training Additional Aircraft

Solutions TRAINING Initial Training Additional Aircraft Additional Ratings

Solutions TRAINING Initial Training Additional Aircraft Additional Ratings Experience

Solutions TRAINING Initial Training Additional Aircraft Additional Ratings Experience Competency Checks

Solutions TRAINING Initial Training Additional Aircraft Additional Ratings Experience Competency Checks Recurrent Training

Solutions DISCIPLINE Practice

Solutions DISCIPLINE Practice Currency

Solutions DISCIPLINE Practice Currency Review

Solutions DISCIPLINE Practice Currency Review Commitment

Weather Information Presentation Understanding

Weather Sources Official Sources NWS FAA

Weather Sources Sources DUATS DTN WSI NWS ARTCC TWEB/AWOS/ASOS/ATIS

Weather Sources NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE

Weather Sources NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AVIATION WEATHER CENTER

Weather Sources NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AVIATION WEATHER CENTER NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION

Weather Sources NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AVIATION WEATHER CENTER NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION

What Do You Need? LOCAL FLIGHT PLANNING Wind Visibility Developing Weather

What Do You Need? BEYOND VICINITY Current information per FAR

Weather Threats Turbulence Convection Icing Obstructions to Visibility

Weather Threats Frontal Boundaries

Weather Threats Air Mass

Weather Threats Fronts

Weather Threats Fronts Cold Front Unstable Warm Front stable

Weather Threats Warm Frontal Region conducive to: Icing Fog Low level clouds Rain/Mist

Weather Threats Icing Moisture Temperatures between +2º Celsius and - 40º Celsius

Weather Threats Icing Options Turn Around Ascend Descend

Weather Threats Icing Rime Clear

Weather Threats Icing Rime Opaque Milky Colored

Weather Threats Icing Clear Less Opaque Denser Smoother SLD

Weather Threats Clear Air Turbulence Hundreds of Miles Downwind Leeward of Mountains

Weather Threats Thunderstorms Cumulonimbus Unstable Air

Weather Threats Thunderstorms Growth

Weather Threats Thunderstorms Mature

Weather Threats Thunderstorms Dissipating

Weather Threats Microbursts Sudden and Intense Windstorms Preceding a Thunderstorm

Weather Threats Obscuration to Visibility Fog Low Ceilings Haze

Weather Information Pre-flight Newspaper Radio Internet Telephone Personal Briefing Personal Observation

Weather Information In-flight Personal Observation ARTCC/ATC Radio Contact with FSS AWOS/ASOS/ATIS/TWEBs VOR Voice Monitoring FISDL Links

Weather Information Pre-flight DTN WSI DUATS OTHERS

Weather Information Pre-flight Satellite View

Weather Information Pre-flight Radar View Surface Analysis

Weather Information Pre-flight Satellite View Surface Analysis Winds Aloft

Weather Information Pre-flight Satellite View Surface Analysis Winds Aloft Regional Radar

Weather Information Pre-flight Satellite View Surface Analysis Winds Aloft Regional Radar FA 1038 AMD SYNOPSIS AND VFR CLDS/WX SYNOPSIS VALID UNTIL CLDS/WX VALID UNTIL OTLK VALID ME NH VT MA RI CT NY LO NJ PA OH LE WV MD DC DE VA AND CSTL WTRS OH LE..UPDT OVC LYRD FL250. VIS 3-5SM SHRA/-SHRA BR. ERN HLF SCT -TSRA. CB TOP FL410. AFT 13Z VCNTY LE NELY WND 20G30KT. OTLK...IFR CIG RA BR.

Weather Information Pre-flight Satellite View Surface Analysis Winds Aloft Regional Radar FA METAR Approximate Time: Thu, 27 Nov :33:33 UTC METARs for kvld kluk klex KLEX271854Z 00000KT 2 1/2SM - RA BR OVC016 09/09 A2995 RMK AO2 SLP141 P0002 T $= KLUK271853Z 00000KT 5SM -RA BR OVC006 09/08 A2996 RMK AO2 SLP145 P0003 T = KVLD271853Z 19010KT 10SM BKN042 BKN049 26/17 A3008 RMK AO2 SLP194 T =

Weather Information Pre-flight Satellite View Surface Analysis Winds Aloft Regional Radar FA METAR TAF KLUK271740Z KT 4SM -RA BR SCT006 OVC025 TEMPO SM RA BR OVC006 FM KT 5SM BR OVC010

Weather Information Pre-flight Satellite View

Weather Information Pre-flight Surface Analysis Surface Forecast

Weather Information Pre-flight Wind and Temperature FD

Weather Information Pre-flight Regional Radar

Weather Information Pre-flight Area Forecast (FA) Issued 3 times daily 4 times in Hawaii 18 hour synopsis 1038 AMD SYNOPSIS AND VFR CLDS/WX SYNOPSIS VALID UNTIL CLDS/WX VALID UNTIL OTLK VALID ME NH VT MA RI CT NY LO NJ PA OH LE WV MD DC DE VA AND CSTL WTRS OH LE..UPDT OVC LYRD FL250. VIS 3-5SM SHRA/-SHRA BR. ERN HLF SCT -TSRA. CB TOP FL410. AFT 13Z VCNTY LE NELY WND 20G30KT. OTLK...IFR CIG RA BR.

Weather Information FA GA SERN... BKN-OVC-015. TOPS O30. VIS 3-5 SM BR Z BKN Z SCT-BKN040 BKN CI. OTLK... VFR

Weather Information Pre-flight Aerodrome Terminal Forecast (TAF) Issued 4 times daily Valid for 24 hours KLUK271740Z KT 4SM -RA BR SCT006 OVC025 TEMPO SM RA BR OVC006 FM KT 5SM BR OVC010

Weather Information TAF KLUK Z KT 3SM – RA BR SCTO25 OVC 045 TEMPO SM RA BR SCT015 OVC045

Weather Information Pre-flight METAR Issued Hourly (at least) KLUK271853Z 00000KT 5SM -RA BR OVC006 09/08 A2996 RMK AO2 SLP145 P0003 T =

Weather Information METAR KLUK Z 00000KT 2SM RA BR FEW008 BKN024 0VC029 08/07 A3002 RMK A02 P0002=

Weather Information Pre-flight AFSS Outlook Briefing 6 hours or more in the future

Weather Information Pre-flight AFSS Standard Briefing If you have not received a previous briefing

Weather Information Pre-flight AFSS Abbreviated Briefing If you just need to supplement current information

Weather Information PIREPS In-flight Flight Watch Flight Service (on published frequencies)

Weather Information In-flight AWOS (Automatic Weather Observation System) ASOS (Automatic Surface Observation System) ATIS (Automatic Terminal Information System) HIWAS (Hazardous Information Weather Advisory System) TWEB (Transcribed Weather Broadcast) WEATHER ADVISORY BROADCASTS

Weather Information Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM)

Flight Planning Visualization

Weather Planning

Flight Planning