PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PART E 5 The Appendicular Skeleton

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bones of the Pelvic Girdle  Formed by two coxal (ossa coxae) bones  Composed of three pairs of fused bones  Ilium  Ischium  Pubis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bones of the Pelvic Girdle  The total weight of the upper body rests on the pelvis  It protects several organs  Reproductive organs  Urinary bladder  Part of the large intestine

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Pelvis Figure 5.24a

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bones of Pelvic Girdle  Illium  Illiac crest- hip bone that sticks out  Ischium  Bones you sit on  Ischium spine- important in pregnant women as it narrows the pelvis  Pubic Bone or Pubis- anterior coxal bone  Pubic Symphysis- forms cartiliginous joint  Made of fibrocartilage

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bones of Pelvic Girdle  Avetabelum- socket that receives the femur  False pelvis- from hip bone to hip bone  True pelvis- is the pelvic inlet

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Pelvis: Right Coxal Bone Figure 5.24b

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Gender Differences of the Pelvis  The female inlet is larger and more circular  The female pelvis as a whole is shallower, and the bones are lighter and thinner  The female ilia flare more laterally  The female sacrum is shorter and less curved  The female ischial spines are shorter and farther apart; thus the outlet is larger  The female pubic arch is more rounded because the angle of the pubic arch is greater

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Gender Differences of the Pelvis Figure 5.24c

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bones of the Lower Limbs  The thigh has one bone  Femur  The heaviest, strongest bone in the body  Had medial and lateral epicondyles  Patella- knee cap

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bones of the Lower Limbs Figure 5.25a–b

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bones of the Lower Limbs  The lower leg has two bones  Tibia  Shinbone  Larger and medially oriented  Medial malleolus- inside ankle bone  Fibula  Thin and sticklike  Lateral malleoulus- outer ankle bone  Tibia and fibula connected with interosseous membrane

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bones of the Lower Limbs Figure 5.25c

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bones of the Lower Limbs  The foot  Tarsals  Two largest tarsals (7 bones)  Calcaneus (heelbone)  Talus  Metatarsals—sole (5 bones)  Phalanges—toes(14 bones)  Each toe has three except the big toe, which has two

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bones of the Lower Limb Figure 5.26

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Arches of the Foot  Bones of the foot are arranged to form three strong arches  Two longitudinal  One transverse

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Arches of the Foot Figure 5.27

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Palpable Bony Landmarks  Bones that can be touched and identified through the skin