Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Personality Sixth edition Chapter 1 What Is Personality?

Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Modules Introduction: What Is Personality? 1.1: Personality and Science 1.2: Preview of the Perspectives 1.3: A Brief History of Personality Psychology 1.4: The Unconscious, the Self, Uniqueness, Gender, Situations, and Culture 1.5: Personality in Context Conclusion: What Is Personality?

Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Learning Objectives (1 of 2) 1.1: Exhibit how scientific methods have provided insights into personality 1.2: Present the eight different perspectives into which personality theories are classified 1.3: Recount the development of personality psychology

Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Learning Objectives (2 of 2) 1.4: Express the meanings of some basic terms and concepts in personality psychology 1.5: Examine the importance of context in understanding personality

Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Introduction: What Is Personality? −Personality psychology −Eight different perspectives of personality theories

Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Objective: Exhibit how scientific methods have provided insights into personality −Scientific inference −Correlations −Systematic analysis methods 1.1: Personality and Science

Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 1.1.1: Where Do Personality Theories Come From? −Deductive approach −Inductive approach −Analogies and concepts from related disciplines

Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 1.2: The Nature of Inductive versus Deductive Approaches. Deduction is often characterized as a “top-down” process of reasoning from generalizations to instances, and induction as the opposite, reasoning in a “bottom-up” manner. Researchers work from general knowledge and from specific empirical observations in a never-ending cycle. Beware of any single study that claims to be definitive about human nature.

Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Objective: Present the eight different perspectives into which personality theories are classified −Modern understanding of personality −Eight basic aspects of personality 1.2: Preview of the Perspectives

Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 1.2.1: Overview of the Eight Perspectives −Application of biological factors to personality psychology −Behaviorist and learning aspects −Cognitive aspects −Humanistic and existential aspects

Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 1.2.2: Are Personality Aspects Really Separable? −Proponents of multiple aspects of personality −Reasons for not relying on one approach

Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Objective: Recount the development of personality psychology −Factors leading to the birth of personality psychology 1.3: A Brief History of Personality Psychology

Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 1.3.1: Theater and Self-Presentation −Theatrical personalities who used personality psychology −Concept of relative self

Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 1.3.2: Religion −Aspects of personality psychology in Western religions −Aspects of personality psychology in Eastern religions

Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 1.3.3: Evolutionary Biology −Theory of evolution −Importance of theory of evolution to personality psychology

Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 1.3.4: Testing −Purpose of army psychological tests −Drawbacks of intelligence testing

Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 1.3.5: Modern Theory −Persons who shaped modern personality −Contribution of Gordon Allport −Contribution of Kurt Lewin −Contribution of Henry Murray

Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Objective: Express the meanings of some basic terms and concepts in personality psychology −What is the unconscious? −What is the self? −Does each individual require a unique approach? 1.4: The Unconscious, the Self, Uniqueness, Gender, Situations, and Culture

Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 1.4.1: Is Personality a Useful Concept? −Negative features of “personhood” −Topical areas of interest in modern personality research

Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Objective: Examine the importance of context in understanding personality −Features of authoritarian personality −Features of its antitype personality 1.5: Personality in Context

Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Conclusion: What Is Personality? −Questions asked by personality psychology −Answers provided by personality psychology −Methods used by personality psychologists −Sources of personality theories −Roots of personality psychology