Energy From Waste Emissions Control and Monitoring

EFW Emissions Control & Monitoring Back ground Permitting Design & Commissioning Monitoring and Reporting Environment Agency – Regulatory Tools EA Other checks 3

Regulatory Process & Checks Background Listed Industrial Activities (Installations) in Environmental Permitting Regulations require a permit. EPR integrates various EC directives including Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) (Chapter IV) into UK law. Requirement for applicants to use Best available Techniques. BAT IED includes expected Emission limit Values for EFWs 4

Permit Application Requirements A permit will be granted if we are satisfied that an installation will not cause significant pollution of the Environment. An applicant must provide evidence to support their case Evidence will include, a BAT review and consideration of the potential effects of emissions on pollution usually done by a Dispersion model.

Permit Application Requirements BAT review –is an assessment to ensure that current widely available technology of the time is being used and that it can meet proposed emission limit values. There is a European wide document BAT reference(Bref) which is updated to take account in changes in technology. Bref Document is being reviewed currently and is coordinated by European IPPC bureau In Seville.

When do we issue a permit ONLY When our Centralised permitting team have assessed the information submitted as part of the application to show that an activity will meet the relevant technical standards and will not cause significant pollution or Harm to human health. Permits are issued with conditions to ensure the facility has to meet the relevant standards for that industry. 7

Permitting The permitting process for all EFWs involves consultation with Public Health England and other relevant bodies Decisions and the reasons for issue or not of any permit are in the Decision Document. Other info – Regulatory Guidance Notes(RGN) 8

Modelling H1 assessment Air dispersion Modelling- EA (AQMAU)audits submissions. EA doesn’t recommend particular Models but they must be validated and meet the criteria in our modelling policy. Part of this is that validation data is public and should be available on the web. Two common models ADMS and AERMOD 9

Modelling continued Models Calculate anticipated ground level concentrations from a point source emission They take into account weather patterns, topography, sensitive receptors, back ground concentrations of measured pollutants Back ground data sets are available from DEFRA from Local Authority monitoring stations. EA does not normally require Operators to carry out Back ground Monitoring 10

Modelling (Continued) Specific models looking at potential for Dioxin in take are used HHRAP (developed in the USA )and the HMIP model. These can compare the predicted emissions with the Tolerable daily intake figure, which is based on the amount that can be safely ingested daily over a lifetime. 11

Comparison of ELVs and achievable operational results Determinand IED and Permit ELV Daily AV ELV 1/2hrly Av CO50100 HCl1060 NOx TOC1020 Particulates1030 SO Determinand reported values Daily Av 1/2hrly Av CO1113 HCL832 NOx TOC16 Particulates11 SO Modern Moving grate EFW with, Urea, bag filters lime and Activated carbon abatement

Greatmoor Farm EFW Permit was issued on 9 th May 2012 Permit no is EPR-UP3734HT 13

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Design minimises pollution potential Combustion Min 850 for 2 secs after secondary air. XS air to ensure complete combustion, Addition of Urea or ammonia to Treat NOx Process monitoring of Temp 15

Design -continued Heat transfers to Boiler – exhaust gas cools and contracts. Boiler design-to ensure quick passage of gas through “dioxin forming Zone”. Boiler tube rapping- reduces build up of ash and alkali metal deposits-reduces sites for Dioxin production 16

Design -continued In line monitors inc HCL monitor to help automate reagent addition Lime and activated carbon added to treat Acid gases, and remove Dioxins and heavy metals Bag filter- High level of particulate removal 17

Commissioning Relatively Short term process that ensures the Plant being constructed can meet its demands; Emission standards Energy production Reliability Establish the normal operating window for the plant 18

Monitoring –of Operational Plant Process monitoring Emissions monitoring –Air, Water Raw material usage Ash sampling- APCR and IBA 19

Monitoring (Continuous Emissions Monitors) CEMS-monitors exhaust gases at a safe location. In Stack or Gases piped back to CEMS room for analysis. CEMS- NOx,SO2,TOC,CO, HCl and particulates O2, Pressure, H2O 20

Monitoring- Periodic Where there is no Currently available continuous monitoring method. Equipment brought to site. Monitoring Methods in accordance with European standards Quarterly for 1 st year then Biannual HF, Cadmium and Thallium and compounds, Hg, Sb,As,Pb,Cr,Co,Cu, Mn,Ni and V Dioxin/ Furans 21

Monitoring- Quality Assurance Equipment and monitoring methods must be in accordance with IED EN 14181,MCerts scheme and method is specified in permit. CEMS – equipment, operation and location is Quality assured to ensure correct collection of data and valid results. Initial approval and certification (QAL1), 3 yearly check in situ (QAL 2) and Annual Surveillance test to check CEMS is functioning appropriately Constant ongoing checks to ensure CEMS is not drifting and responding to ranges of pollutants correctly (QAL3) 22

Monitoring Guidance Technical guidance Notes M1, M2, M20 Method of Implementation Documents for each monitoring Method Everything can be found on Gov.uk 23

Ash Monitoring Two types of Ash produced APCR – a mixture of the finer particles from the boiler plus lime and activated carbon. IBA- A mixture of heavy inert fractions and metal items from the grate. Tested for organic content to check waste is being burnt properly. Tests to establish waste category Heavy metals,PCBs, Dioxins 24

EA Regulatory checks Random inspections –Check permit compliance and actual and Potential environmental risk Audits Monitoring data review OPRA- Non compliance results in increased charges Enforcement : Notices, permit variation, suspension or revocation. Civil sanctions, prosecution Accountability – All data supplied in connection with permit condition is publicly available 25

EA – Other Checks Auditing of Monitoring Contractors Checking monitoring methods Auditing Labs Auditing monitoring locations Mcerts scheme- Competence of individual staff and Companies. Companies and equipment 26

Reporting Monitoring results 27 Permit Conditions require operator to report results. Usually 1 month after reporting period Waste input. Summary of operation Electricity generated, reagents used electricity and water used. Operator is required to Notify (within 24hrs) of breach of condition or of a malfunction that may cause pollution Failure to Notify or report is a breach of permit

Other sources of Info Gov. Uk Latest Report published yesterday on Particulate emissions from EFWs ref ( ED ) Contact details: Environment Agency Incident service hrs 7 days a week Customer services