Supergroup: Excavata Clade: Diplomonads Ex: Giardia lamblia Characteristics: Two nuclei Motisomes No ETC Anaerobic

Supergroup: Excavata Clade: Parabasalids Ex: Trichomonas vaginalis Characteristics: Modified flagella and undulating membrane Hydrogenosomes Anaerobic with H 2 O 2 by-product Causes: Vaginitis

Supergroup: Excavata Clade 2 : Euglenozoans Clade 3 : Euglnids Ex: Euglena sp. Characteristics: Anterior pocket with one or two flagella Mixotrophic

Supergroup: Excavata Clade 2 : Euglenozoans Clade 3 : Kinetoplastids Ex: Trypanosoma sp. Characteristics: Single, large mitochondrion with kintoplast (mass of DNA) Causes: African sleeping sickness and Chagas diseas Vector: TseTse fly (Africa)

Supergroup: Chromalveolata Clade 1 : Alveolata Clade 2 : Dinoflagellates Ex: Dinoflagellate Characteristics: Reinforced cellular plates Two flagella (1 apical, 1 between grooved plates) Mixothroph Causes: Red tides

Supergroup: Chromalveolata Clade 1 : Alveolata Clade 2 : Apicoplexans Ex: Plasmodium sp. Characteristics: Sporozoite Internal parasites Causes: Malaria Vector: Anopheles mosquito Plasmodium

Supergroup: Chromalveolata Clade 1 : Alveolata Clade 2 : Ciliates Ex: Spriostomun, Vorticella, Paramecium Characteristics: Cilia Two nuclei (micro and macro) SpirostomumVorticella

Conjugation: occurs when micro nuclei are exchanged side by side Transverse binary fission: asexual reproduction that occurs end to end

Supergroup: Chromalveolata Clade 1 : Stramenopila Clade 2 : Diatoms Characteristics: Flagella with numerous hair like projections Cell walls of overlapping silica tests (frutule)

Supergroup: Chromalveolata Clade 1 : Stramenopila Clade 2 : Golden algae Characteristics: Yellow or brown coloration caused by carotinoids (xanthophyll) Bi-flagellated cells

Supergroup: Chromalveolata Clade 1 : Stramenopila Clade 2 : Brown algae Characteristics: Carotene and fucoxanthin in plasmids Intertidal sp. Have cell wall of algin and cellulose Fucus Laminaria Sargassum Stipe Thallus Air bladders Holdfast

Ostioles Conceptacle Antheridia Sperm Paraphyses

Ostioles Conceptacle Eggs Paraphyses Oogonia

Supergroup: Chromalveolata Clade 1 : Stramenopila Clade 2 : Oomycetes Characteristics: Hyphae with cellulose cell walls Lack plastids (double membrane organelles) Parasites or decomposers Caused: French wine crisis and potato famine

Supergroup: Rhizaria Clade 2 : Forams Characteristics: Amoebas with thin pseudopodia Calcium carbonate test Make up sedimentary rock

Supergroup: Rhizaria Clade 2 : Radiolarians Characteristics: Amoebas with thin pseudopodia Delicate silica skeleton

Supergroup: Archaeplastidia Clade 2 : Red algae Characteristics: Red color caused by pigment phycoerythrin Lack flagellated sperm Chondrus Corallina

Supergroup: Archaeplastidia Clade 2 : Chlorophytes Characteristics: Chlorophyll A and B, Carotenoids Ex: Chara, Acetabularia, Ulva, and Cladophora CharaAcetabularia

UlvaCladophora Supergroup: Archaeplastidia Clade 2 : Chlorophytes Characteristics: Chlorophyll A and B, Carotenoids Ex: Chara, Acetabularia, Ulva, and Cladophora

Supergroup: Archaeplastidia Clade 2 : Charophytes Characteristics: Chlorophyll A and B, Carotenoids Closets relative to land plants Rings of cellulose synthesizing proteins Peroxisome enzymes Structure of flagellated sperm Formation of phragmoplast Ex: Desmids, Volvox, Protococcus, Spirogyra, Ulothrix

Supergroup: Archaeplastidia Clade 2 : Charophytes Ex: Desmids Characteristics: Unicellular with isthmus

Supergroup: Archaeplastidia Clade 2 : Charophytes Ex: Volvox Characteristics: Colonial species in spherical layer held together by protoplasmic strands

Supergroup: Archaeplastidia Clade 2 : Charophytes Ex: Protococcus Characteristics: Unicellular or found in small colonies Found in thin, green coverings on the moist side of rocks, trees and soil

Supergroup: Archaeplastidia Clade 2 : Charophytes Ex: Spirpgyra Characteristics: Multicellular filaments Isogametes (male and female gametes are the same size)

Supergroup: Archaeplastidia Clade 2 : Charophytes Ex: Ulothrix Characteristics: Multicellular, haploid filaments with single, bracket-like filament in each Holdfast

Supergroup: Unikonta Clade 1 : Ameobozoans Clade 2 : Slime molds Clade 3 : Plasmodial slime mold Characteristics: Brightly colored Multinucleated hyphae (coenocytic)

Supergroup: Unikonta Clade 1 : Ameobozoans Clade 2 : Slime molds Clade 3 : Cellular slime mold Characteristics: Clear with septate hyphae

Supergroup: Unikonta Clade 1 : Ameobozoans Clade 2 : Gymnameobas Characteristics: Broad pseudopods and lack of test

Supergroup: Unikonta Clade 1 : Ameobozoans Clade 2 : Entameobas Characteristics: Parasitic ameobas