Adjectives and Adverbs Grammar Guide mgr Anna Waligórska – Kotfas PWSZ Konin

Adjectives  Give extra information about nouns.  Can be used in front of a noun. We saw an exciting film. What is she like? She's a smart, energetic woman. That is a cute puppy.

Adjectives  Or can be used after a linking verb, e.g. be, look, seem, smell, sound, taste. She is smart and energetic. That puppy is cute. That film was exciting. You look cold. That piano sounds terrible. I woke up the next day feeling awful.

Adjectives: Order  When you use more than one adjective, you have to put them in the right order, according to type. Opinionsilly, beautiful Opinionsilly, beautiful Sizelarge, tiny Sizelarge, tiny Age young, old Age young, old Shape square, round Shape square, round Colourpink, reddish Colourpink, reddish Origin French, lunar Origin French, lunar Material wooden, metal Material wooden, metal Purpose sleeping Purpose sleeping

Adjectives: Order  Adjectives to Word Magnets Adjectives to Word Magnets Adjectives to Word Magnets

Adverbs  modify or give extra information about verbs, adjectives, other words or whole clauses. The dog barks loudly. How does the dog bark?  loudly She moved quite slowly down the aisle. How slowly did she move?  quite slowly

Adverbs: Form  Many adverbs end with the suffix -ly. Most of these are created by adding -ly to the end of an adjective, eg.: beautiful  beautifully slow  slowly hopeless  hopelessly aggressive  aggressively easy  easily real  really

Adverbs: Form  However, many adverbs do NOT end in -ly eg.: fast, late, early, hard, long, low, pretty, short, straight, wide are the same as the adjective form, well – adverb from good  many words which are NOT adverbs end in -ly eg.: friendly, elderly and lonely are adjectives

Adverbs with different meanings  late (= not on time/not early) The plane arrived late due to bad weather.  lately (= recently) She's been rather ill lately.  high (= to a great height) He lifted it high over his head.  highly (= extremely) Arsenic is highly toxic.

Adverbs with different meanings  hard (= with a lot of effort/severely) He braked hard when he saw the cat.  hardly (= scarcely, almost not) We hardly know our neighbours.  right (= direction/correctly) Turn right at the crossroads. / Try to do it right this time!  rightly (= correctly in my opinion) The tribunal rightly condemned the war criminals.

Adverbs with different meanings  free (= without paying) We got into the concert free!  freely (= without limitation or control) The shares could be traded freely on the open market.  deep (= to a great depth/distance) We explored deep into the jungle.  deeply (= thoroughly) I'm deeply ashamed of my behaviour.

Intelligent young Polish students can learn about adjectives and adverbs quickly and easily.

 a Sinclair C5 vehicle  an iPod  a vacuum cleaner  a video player