 In-Text citation  In-Text citation is when you reference your sources in the body of your writing. › In MLA Style, it’s called Parenthical citation (English, Humanities)  What is In-Text Citation? › An In-Text Citation includes a brief reference to the source, within the body of your writing. › It provides immediate source information without interrupting the flow of your writing. › It tells the reader that the material is borrowed and gives enough information about your source that it can be found in your Bibliography › The full source information is provided in the Bibliography

Use In-Text Citations When: › You summarize or paraphrase an original idea from one of your sources › You quote directly from a source › You use factual information that is not common knowledge › You use a date or fact that might be disputed  When using In-Text Citations: MUST match › The information in your in-text documentation MUST match the full source information in your Bibliography  IE: Whatever you use to refer to the source in your in-Text citation, must be the SAME as the Bibliography entry for that source

MLA style Parenthical citation (in-text citation) uses the author-page format What to Include : author's last name page number  The author's last name and the page number for the source › Example: (Smith 78). › Example: When Summarizing or Paraphrasing an idea in MLA style, you place the citation at the end of the sentence (Smith 78). › Example: (Smith 78) › Example: When using a direct quote (Smith 78) in MLA style, you place the citation right after the quote.  Exceptions: › NO author for the Source: use a short version of the Title in quotations (“MLA Citations” 34). › Online source citations: do NOT need s a page number (Smith). › If you used something other than the author to identify an online source in your bibliography, do the same in your Citation.  Ex: Title of Website Article used in Bibliography (”MLA Online”).  Ex: Publisher name used in Bibliography (Purdue University).

end of the sentence, after direct quote.  In most cases, an MLA style In-Text Citation is placed either at the end of the sentence, or after the direct quote. › For a Summary or Paraphrase of an Idea : (Smith 78).  Ex: For a Summary or Paraphrase of an idea in MLA style, you place the citation at the end of the sentence (Smith 78). › For a Direct Quote: (Smith 78),  Ex: For a “ Direct quote ” (Smith 78) in MLA style, place the citation immediately after the quote.

 There are a few instances where you will NOT use the normal format for in-text citations. author’s name 1. Name of the author used in the sentence : When you use the author’s name in your writing, you don’t need to repeat the name in your citation. You just put the page number in it’s normal location. › Example: Robert Smith, (78). › Example: According to Robert Smith, “Citation styles are a very important part of research” (78).

 Long quotations: When using a long quotation (>40 words or 2 lines) in your writing, the citation must be formatted differently › Put a comma after the last word of the text › Start the Quote on a new line › Indent the quote ½” from the left margin › Don’t indent the first line of the quote › Don’t put quotation marks around the quote › Use Double Spacing for the quote › Put the In-Text citation at the end of the quote

Poem 3. Citing a Poem in your writing also requires a special format  When quoting a Few lines of a Poem (3 Lines or Less), include the Line Numbers after the quote. › Ex: When you insert several lines of a poem into an essay, Frost’s poem states, “Separate each line / Of the Poem / With Dashes” (13 – 15) and include the line numbers after the quote.  When quoting individual words or Phrases of a Poem, include the line numbers after each word › 1 Word: Robert Frost uses the word “sleep” to imply fantasies about solitude and perhaps death (15). › Multiple Words: Robert Frost uses a variety of words and phrases such as “frozen” (7), “darkest evening” (8), and “before I sleep” (15) to imply thoughts of solitude and the desire to not return to his obligations.

4. When quoting Several lines of a Poem (4 or more Lines), use the same format as for Long Quotations. › Start the quote on it’s line, indented from the left, double spaced, and place the line numbers at the end  Ex: Robert Frost writes about solitude and man’s relationship with nature, Whose woods these are I think I know. His house is in the village, though; He will not see me stopping here To watch his woods fill up with snow. (1-4)

immediate source informationFLOW  The PURPOSE of In-Text citations is to provide immediate source information, without interrupting the FLOW of your writing, so it is very important to integrate them appropriately into your writing.  Effective use of quotations  Effective use of quotations requires that you include them in a way that allows the reader to understand the relevance of the quoted material to your own argument.  Signal phrases  Signal phrases allow you to incorporate quotations smoothly into your writing and, just as importantly, provide context for the material vary  To avoid monotony in your writing, you should try to vary your use of signal phrases.

stated  As Smith stated, “ ….”  According to  According to Smith, “ ….” argued  Smith argued,, “ ….” found  Smith found “ …..”  In the words  In the words of author Robert Smith, “ …..” noted,  As Smith noted, “ …..” pointed out  Smith pointed out “ …..” claimed  “ …..” claimed Smith wrote  “ …..” wrote Smith

 Acknowledged  Admitted  Agreed  Argued  Asserted  Claimed  Commented  Compared  Conceded  Confirmed  Contended  Declared  Denied  Described  Disputed  Emphasized  Endorsed  Illustrated  Implied  Insisted  Maintained  Noted  Observed  Pointed out  Reasoned  Refuted  Rejected  Reported  Showed  Stated  Suggested  Summarized  Wrote

For a complete guides to the MLA citation style, see the links below › Bibliography Helper Bibliography Helper › MLA Citation Guide & Examples MLA Citation Guide & Examples › MLA Style Guide MLA › MLA In-Text citation GuideIn-Text citation Guide › MLA Sample Research PaperSample Research › Citation Chart Citation Chart  Comparison and Examples from all 3 Styles