Admit Slip: 1. You toss a coin in the air, what are the odds that it will land on heads? 2. You toss a coin in the air, what is the probability that it will land on tails? 3. You toss a coin in the air twice, what is the probability that it will land on tails both times? 4. A couple is about to have their first child. What is the probability that it is going to be a boy? 5. A couple has two children, both girls. What are the chances that their next child is also going to be a girl? 6. What is another term for probability? 7. What is the likelihood that a couple will have a girl after their first four tries resulted in boys? 8. If you toss a coin 4 times and it lands on tails all 4 times. What is the chance that it will land on heads the fifth time? Write question # and answer in journal

DateTopicPage 1/5/16 Intro to Mendelian Genetics ??? Admit Slip: Complete the probability handout Homework: Spongebob Genetics Handout Content objectives: SW demonstrate their understanding of inheritance as a game of chance Language objectives: Define inheritance, probability, hemophilia, acquired Today’s Agenda: 1.Pass back old work!!! 2.Discuss Science Fair 3.Mendelian Genetics Notes 4.Punnet Square Practice 5.Spongebob Genetics handout Outcome: Students will discover their luck in the inheritance game Exit Slip: Students recall

Eye Dominance

Aim Here!

Gregor Mendel Modern genetics began in the mid- 1800s in an abbey garden Gregor Mendel documented inheritance in peas –used experimental method –used quantitative analysis collected data & counted them

Gregor Mendel Father of Genetics Studied pea plant Genes come in pairs –You get one from each parent 1. Law of segregation (as cells divide, pairs of chromosomes separate) 2. Law of independent assortment (chromosomes line up randomly during cell division)

Traits Traits - characteristics or features that make up the individual. –Examples: eye color, hair type, nose shape etc.

Traits are inherited as discrete units For each characteristic (ex. hair color)… –an organism inherits 2 alleles, 1 from each parent (diploid organism only) –diploid organism inherits 2 sets of chromosomes, 1 from each parent homologous chromosomes like having 2 editions of encyclopedia –Encyclopedia Britannica –Encyclopedia Americana

Genes Genes - section of DNA that control your genetic make up. –Determine your traits –Located on chromosome –Inherited in pairs –One from each parent

Genotype Genotype- the alleles that an organism has –Genotype is the letters that represent a trait –Upper case letters indicate dominance TT, BB –Lower case letters usually indicate recessiveness tt, bb

Phenotype Phenotype- the physical representation of the genotype (what you can see) So if someone has the genotype BB for hair color… The phenotype is brown hair (It’s the physical outcome of the genes)

Allele Alleles are the different versions of a gene – The gene for tallness is represented by letters TT, Tt, and tt. –The alleles are either “T” or “t” –Ex. “T” or “t”

Homozygous When both alleles (versions of a gene) are identical. The genotype is said to be –homozygous (homo = same) –Examples: TT, tt, BB, RR, yy

Heterozygous When the two alleles (versions of a gene) are different. –The genotype is said to be –heterozygous (hetero = different) Examples: Tt, Bb, Rr, Yy,

Dominant Genes A dominant allele is expressed regardless of other allele –Ex: TT = Tall, Tt =Tall

Recessive Gene A recessive traits are only expressed when both alleles are present. –tt = short –bb = blue Note: “gene” “allele” and “trait” all pretty much mean the same thing!

Punnett Squares A Punnett square is a table used to predict the outcome of a cross –A basic square has 4 boxes Genotypes of parents are shown –One parent is on the top –One parent is on the left side

Mendelian Cross: TT x TT T = tall plant, t = short plant List the 4 possible parental gametes (alleles) Complete the punnett square List the % of tall plants List the % of short plants

Mendel Cross: TT x tt List the 4 possible parental gametes (alleles) Complete the punnett square List the % of tall plants List the % of short plants List the genotype of the F1

Mendelian Cross: Tt x Tt List the 4 possible parental gametes (alleles) Complete the punnett square List the genotypes of the F1 generation (meaning first generation):

Lets Practice Some More In some flowers, purple (P) is dominant and white (p) is recessive. Use a Punnett square to predict the chances of two heterozygous parents producing a white-flowered offspring.

More Practice In humans, brown eyes (B) are dominant to blue eyes (b). A heterozygous man and a blue-eyed woman have a son. What is the probability that he has brown eyes?

RecessiveDominant

Recessive

Dominant/Recessive 8s-b44https:// 8s-b44

SpongeBob Genetics Practice