URBAN HYDROLOGY. URBAN FABRIC RUNOFF PROCESSES AND DRAINAGE CHANNELS.

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Presentation transcript:

URBAN HYDROLOGY

URBAN FABRIC RUNOFF PROCESSES AND DRAINAGE CHANNELS

Hardened surface promotes rapid surface runoff

Runoff channeled along roadside flows rapidly downhill

Many streams in urban areas are at least partially channelised

The Kuils River on the Cape Flats is typical of urban channels

URBAN STRUCTURE RUNOFF SURFACES AND DRAINAGE NETWORKS

Panorama of Grahamstown: note proportion of hardened v. vegetated surfaces and degree of connectivity between runoff surfaces and the main stream channel.

How does the hydrological response change in different areas of the town?

Riparian zone of Blaukrantz river; how connected is the river to the build up area?

Upper catchment of small urban stream

POLLUTION SOURCES

Litter in an urban stream; pollution derived from the catchment surface

Sewage works below King Willliamstown and Zwelitscha: Note Buffalo River in trees to the left of the sewage ponds.

Saline outflow from the Da Gama textile factory

DOWNSTREAM IMPACTS

Algal growth in Laing Dam

Water hyacinth in Laing Dam

FLOOD PLAIN TRANSFORMATION

The modern flood plain of the Ebro River, northern Spain

Zaragoza town in early days: impact on river channel and flood plain is localised

Modern Zaragoza: impacts now extensive

Flood walls protect urban development

REGIONAL IMPACTS

Gareip dam: source of water for Port Elizabeth and Grahamstown

WATER SUPPLY TO GRAHAMSTOWN