Noninfectious / Noncommunicable Diseases (Lifestyle Diseases) Cardiovascular Diseases, Cancer, Diabetes A disease that is not transmitted by another person A disease caused by how you live your life

Types of Noninfectious Diseases Hereditary Disease - caused by defective genes inherited by a child from one or both parents Hereditary Disease - caused by defective genes inherited by a child from one or both parents Congenital disease- a disease that is present from birth but is not inherited Congenital disease- a disease that is present from birth but is not inherited Autoimmune disease-disease in which a person’s own immune system attacks and damages an organ of his or her own body. Autoimmune disease-disease in which a person’s own immune system attacks and damages an organ of his or her own body.

Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) A disease that affects the heart or blood vessels A disease that affects the heart or blood vessels Approximately 61 million Americans have a CVD Approximately 61 million Americans have a CVD CVDs are responsible for 40% of all deaths in the US = almost 1 million Americans CVDs are responsible for 40% of all deaths in the US = almost 1 million Americans

Types of Cardiovascular Diseases Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, Diseases of the Heart

Hypertension High blood pressure High blood pressure Can damage heart, blood vessels, and other body organs Can damage heart, blood vessels, and other body organs 23% of Americans age have hypertension 23% of Americans age have hypertension “silent killer” – no symptoms at early stages “silent killer” – no symptoms at early stages Get BP checked regularly Get BP checked regularly Management Management Medication, weight management, adequate physical activity, proper nutrition Medication, weight management, adequate physical activity, proper nutrition

Atherosclerosis The process in which plaques accumulate on artery walls The process in which plaques accumulate on artery walls Build up of plaque causes arteries to thicken and lose their elasticity Build up of plaque causes arteries to thicken and lose their elasticity Clots can form from plaque Clots can form from plaque If blood flow is stopped to the heart = heart attack If blood flow is stopped to the heart = heart attack If blood flow is blocked to the brain = stroke If blood flow is blocked to the brain = stroke

Heart Attack Blood flow is blocked to the coronary arteries Blood flow is blocked to the coronary arteries Many are sudden and cause intense chest pain Many are sudden and cause intense chest pain Common symptoms Common symptoms Pressure, fullness, squeezing, or aching in the chest area Pressure, fullness, squeezing, or aching in the chest area Discomfort spreading to the arms, neck, jaw, upper abdomen, and back Discomfort spreading to the arms, neck, jaw, upper abdomen, and back Chest discomfort with shortness of breath, lightheadedness, sweating, nausea, and vomiting Chest discomfort with shortness of breath, lightheadedness, sweating, nausea, and vomiting Immediate response and treatment is needed to treat a heart attack Immediate response and treatment is needed to treat a heart attack

Stroke Arterial blockage interrupts the flow of blood to the brain Arterial blockage interrupts the flow of blood to the brain Severity of stroke depends on which part of the brain lost blood Severity of stroke depends on which part of the brain lost blood

Congestive Heart Failure Heart gradually weakens Heart gradually weakens Can result from high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, heart valve defect, or other factors Can result from high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, heart valve defect, or other factors Strategies for prevention – healthy lifestyle and sometime medication Strategies for prevention – healthy lifestyle and sometime medication

Risk Factors for CVDs Controllable Tobacco Use Tobacco Use High Blood Pressure High Blood Pressure High Cholesterol High Cholesterol Sedentary Lifestyle Sedentary Lifestyle Excessive Weight Excessive Weight Stress Stress Drug and Alcohol Use Drug and Alcohol UseUncontrollable Heredity Heredity Gender Gender Age Age

Diabetes A chronic disease that affects the way body cells convert food into energy

Type 1 Diabetes The body does NOT make insulin – glucose builds up in the body (high glucose levels) The body does NOT make insulin – glucose builds up in the body (high glucose levels) Autoimmune disease Autoimmune disease Must take insulin Must take insulin

Type 2 Diabetes Noncommunicable Disease Noncommunicable Disease Linked with obesity and a diet high in fat, calories, and cholesterol Linked with obesity and a diet high in fat, calories, and cholesterol Accounts for 90-95% of all diabetes Accounts for 90-95% of all diabetes The body is unable to make enough insulin or use insulin properly The body is unable to make enough insulin or use insulin properly Treatment Treatment Weight management, regular physical activity, and monitoring their diet Weight management, regular physical activity, and monitoring their diet

Symptoms of Diabetes Frequent urination Frequent urination Excessive thirst Excessive thirst Unexplained weight loss Unexplained weight loss Extreme hunger Extreme hunger Sudden vision changes Sudden vision changes Tingling in hands or feet Tingling in hands or feet Frequent fatigue Frequent fatigue Very dry skin Very dry skin Sores that are slow to heal Sores that are slow to heal More infections than usual More infections than usual