Statue of Peter the Great in St. Petersburg

Words To Know czar: title used for all-powerful rulers in Russia modernize: to become more up-to-date (modern=today) westernize: to become more like "the West" (at this time, we were talking about western Europe) reform: changes that are made (remember: during the Reformation, people wanted to make changes to the Catholic Church)

Early Life Birth: in Moscow, Russia on June 9, 1672 14th child in his family Dad: the czar of Russia Part of ruling Romanov family

Sharing Power Began joint rule with brother Ivan at age 10 (1682) mom made most decisions Ivan died 1696, making Peter the czar Known as Peter I

Russia At Time of Rule Years Peter ruled alone: 1696-1725 Underdeveloped compared to Europe did not participate in Renaissance or Reformation remained isolated and didn't modernize doesn't have much contact with Europe In order to make Russia a great nation once again, Peter challenged the nobility and undertook several reforms Changed almost every aspect of Russian life

Peter's Goals Westernization Get warm-water port Reforms War St. Petersburg

Goal 1: Westernization simplified the alphabet Primary goal: wanted to westernize Russia Visits Europe in 1697 To westernize Russia, Peter... simplified the alphabet made men shave their beards introduced turnips & potatoes started Russia’s first newspaper raised women’s status adopted Western fashion advanced education

Reforms for Westernization Brings the Orthodox Church under the czar's authority (increasing his own power) Reduces power of great landowners Creates strong navy Modernizes army by having European officers train soldiers Secularizes schools Introduces new administrative and territorial divisions of the country Focuses on science and technology

Goal 2: Warm Water Port wants a port to make travel to West easier But... Baltic Sea is controlled by Sweden Black Sea is controlled by Ottoman Empire Goes to war with both during his rule Gets first Russian naval base at Taganrog (on Black Sea) in win against Ottoman Empire Gains territory in win against Sweden

Russian Expansion

Establishing St. Petersburg In 1703, begins building new capital called St. Petersburg. Building city takes many years, many serfs die in process. "Window to Europe"

"English Embankment," St. Petersburg

Palace Square, St. Petersburg

Church of the Savior on Spilt Blood, St. Petersburg

Death died on February 8, 1725 did not choose an heir is entombed in the Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul in St. Petersburg

Accomplishments By the time of Peter’s death, Russia was force to be reckoned with in Europe Expanded territory and got port on Black Sea However: known as a cruel leader reforms often meant high taxes ----> peasant revolts -----> suppression had his own son executed (for treason)

Resources http://www2.maxwell.syr.edu/plegal/tips/t5prod/djanpp4_files/frame.html http://www.biography.com/people/peter-the-great-9542228 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Young_Peter_the_Great_parsuna.jpg http://abeonaforum.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/russia-under-peter-the-great.gif http://mw2.google.com/mw-panoramio/photos/medium/75276110.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Peter_and_Paul_Cathedral.jpg/399px-Peter_and_Paul_Cathedral.jpg