Unit #1: Birth of a Nation American Revolutionary War
The War Begins Loyalist: those who opposed independence & remained loyal to British king Usually judges & governors Patriots: those who supported independence from Britain
Major Early Battlefields Saratoga, NY: British troops surrendered in Oct Major turning point and morale booster for Patriots Valley Forge, PA: while Continental Army was low on supplies they stayed alive & held British forces Patriots were inspired by their new alliance with France
Life During the Revolution Continental Congress struggled to pay its soldiers Civilian men were off to fight leaving wives to tend to farms, businesses, & families Women worked on battlefields tending to wounded African-Americans fought for their personal freedom Native Americans sided with British saw less infringement of their culture
Winning the War Continental Army got help from France in 1778 Marquis de Lafayette, French military official British moved South under Gen. Cornwallis Captured Charles Town, SC & moved towards Virginia British surrendered at Yorktown, VA in Oct Treaty of Paris signed Sept Set U.S. independence & set boundaries (Atlantic Ocean to Mississippi River)
Symbol of Liberty Changes took place that spun on idea of egalitarianism equality for all people Women still had few independent rights Some divorce & property rights in few states African-Americans faced poverty & discrimination In the south, they were still enslaved until Civil War Native Americans moved west A new nation was born…
Separation of Powers
Checks and Balances
How Democratic? A Republic or Democracy? A. Republic: A government in which the highest power belongs to the citizens who choose representatives to act for them B. Democracy: Government by the people; a form of government in which the supreme power is retained and directly exercised by the people
Confederation to Constitution Government created by the new Constitution takes power Annapolis Convention is held. 1786–1787 Shays’s Rebellion occurs Constitutional Convention is held in Philadelphia U.S. Constitution is ratified Continental Congress passes the Articles of Confederation. 1777–1781 States debate ratification of the Articles of Confederation Articles of Confederation go into effect Bill of Rights is added to the Constitution.
Problems and Solutions PROBLEMSSOLUTIONS Western lands States give up Western claims. Congress passes laws to organize the territories. Postwar depression Annapolis Convention is called to discuss problems of commerce. Representation in the new government Philadelphia convention is held. Delegates agree to Great Compromise to settle issue of representation. Slavery Three-Fifths Compromise addresses issue of slavery and representation. Congress delays discussion of banning the slave trade. Problems and Solutions