By: Tiffany Grubba Makala Flowers Justice Wright Daijon Flowers

Any of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars, starch, and cellulose. They contain hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as water (2:1) and typically can be broken down to release energy in the animal body.

Any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that consist of large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms, especially as structural components of body tissues such as muscle, hair, collagen, etc., and as enzymes and antibodies.

Any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids.

A complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain

 Organic compounds contain all the element carbon.  Organic compounds break down when left to themselves.

 Carbohydrates are composed mainly of only basic elements of other organic molecules; carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.  Complex carbohydrates are formed by the combination of simple sugar into chains.  Ordinary sugar consists of two simple sugar molecules that are joined together.  Starches and other complex carbohydrates consist of much longer chains. Which can contain components other than simple sugars.  The four types of carbohydrates are sugar, starch, glycogen, and chitin.

 Proteins are composed of chains of smaller subunits. In proteins, the subunit are amino acids. Amino acids contain nitrogen, as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, typical of all organic compounds.  Muscles are made largely of protein.  Enzymes are proteins that speed up or catalyze specific chemical reaction. Without enzymes, metabolic reactions would proceed slowly or not at all.

 Some hormones, chemical that act as messengers to help different parts of the body work together, are proteins.  Proteins can act as poisons, send chemical signals, produce light, act as antifreeze in the blood of some Antarctic fishes, and have countless other functions.

 Lipids are fats, oils, and waxes.  Lipids are often used for energy storage  Lipids repel water  Many marine mammals/birds use a coating of oil to keep there fur/feathers dry  Lipids provide buoyancy because they float, and insulation from the cold.  Some hormones are lipids rather than proteins.  Two types: Saturated/unsaturated

 Store and transmit basic genetic information of life.  Nucleic acids are subunits called nucleotides, it consists of simple sugars joined to molecules which are called nitrogen bases.  DNA is a type of nuclei acid.  DNA is the carrier of genetic information.  RNA is also a type of nucleic acid.  Some RNA molecules act as intermediates in converting the information stored in DNA into proteins, and in some microbes RNA stores the information itself