Organic Compounds (Chapter 14) Pencil LeadDiamond.

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Presentation transcript:

Organic Compounds (Chapter 14) Pencil LeadDiamond

Student Learning Objectives Identify substances which contain organic compounds Discuss the importance of structure

What is organic chemistry?  Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds.  Carbon has a unique ability to bond with itself in complex covalent bonds.  A single molecular formula may have several structures. 90% of compounds

In what substances are hydrocarbons found?  All hydrocarbons contain hydrogen and carbon. 1.Aromatic hydrocarbons contain the Benzene Ring (C 6 H 6 ) Benzene Symbol

Benzene Hydrocarbons  Aromatics have a strong aroma. (benzene substances)  Benzene is a carcinogen. Gasoline Adhesives Perfumes Paint Stripper Tobacco Household Cleaners

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons 2.Aliphatic hydrocarbons contain no Benzene Ring PropaneEthaneMethane

 Alcane hydrocarbons have only single bonds.  All Alcanes follow the same formula. Cyclo-Pentane C n H 2n+2

Practice What kinds of substances contain alkane hydrocarbons? a. Perfumes b. Fuels c. Food

 Alcane hydrocarbons have structural isomers.  Same molecular formula  Different physical and chemical properties n-hydrocarbons iso-hydrocarbons neo-hydrocarbons

Which Fuel?  Octane ratings are based on the abundances of the different structural isomers of Pentane. neo-pentane highest octane rating iso-pentane n-pentane lowest octane rating

Alkyl Hydrocarbons 3.Alkyl hydrocarbons are Alkanes with 1 hydrogen (H) replaced by hydroxide (OH)

Alcohol Isomers

 Organic molecules have a base unit called a functional group. Benzyl Amine Alkene Ketone Carbonyl Alkyl stry1/section5.php

Why are plastics and proteins difficult to break down?  Polymers are very long molecules made up of repeating monomers. (chains of monomers) Plastics are Polymers Naturally OccurringHuman Produced DNACarpet ProteinsPlastics Complex CarbohydratesChewing Gum

Polystyrene many styrene polystyrene polymerization

What are carbohydrates?  A carbohydrate contains carbon and water.  Carbohydrates are divided into 3 classes. GlucoseC 6 (H 2 O) 6 Monosaccharide FructoseC 6 (H 2 O) 6 Monosaccharide SucroseC 12 (H 2 O) 11 Disaccharide Cellulose (Starch)(C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n Polysaccharides