For class... Text Book Hardback Homework Copy Pencil + Colouring Pencils

SIGNIFICANT RELEVANT POINT (SRP) A Significant Relevant point is simply one or two sentences which contain factual information that is relevant to the question asked An SRP may be a statement or a geographical term A statistic may also be counted as an SRP* You should always draw labelled diagrams in the physical geography questions where appropriate

SIGNIFICANT RELEVANT POINT (SRP) 1 SRP = 2 marks 30 marks going for a question = 15 SRP’s There is a limit of 2 statistics for each answer If you are including diagrams they must display information that has not previously been described in writing!

Elective Unit 5: Patterns and Processes in the Human Environment Chapter 1 Measuring Population (11 classes) Looking at population characteristics change over time and space Chapter 2 Overpopulation & Development (11 classes)Looking at how population characteristics have an impact on levels of human development Chapter 3 Migration (8 classes) Looking at how population movements have impact on the donor and receiver regions

Field Study (20% assessment weighting)

Patterns and Processes in the Human Environment

Planets and People Second Edition Sue Honan

Aims This unit will examine the dynamic nature of population and the pattern and distribution of settlement. The Unit is structured under two sub-heading  The Dynamics of Population  The Dynamics of Settlement *This unit will have links with Core Unit 2: Regional Geography

Measuring Population (Pages 5-25)

Learning Outcomes ( i.e. what you need to know for the exam) Explain: Population distribution Population density Birth rates and Death rates Explain the term dependency ratio and how to calculate it Explain the changes in growth patterns- With a focus on Ireland and France

Key Term Population characteristics change over time

World Population

The population of the world is increasing However, the rate of increase is not evenly spread: Developing Economies=rapid population growth Developed Economies=slow growth

1600’s Slow population growth ? 1700’s- 1800’s Lower Death Rates Increase in Birth Rates Living Longer 1950’s- NOW POPULATION EXPLOSION

How many people are on earth?

Current Population Clock Population Clocks U.S. 314,289,239 World 7,036,815,592 seven billion thirty-six million eight hundred fifteen thousand five hundred ninety-two 21:00 UTC (EST+5) Sep 02, 2012

Future trends in world population Low Prediction: will occur if efforts to reduce birth rates across the world are successful in all regions High Prediction: will occur if efforts to reduce population growth are unsuccessful Medium Prediction: Current world trends indicate that the medium prediction is most fitting as efforts to reduce birth rates in India and China are taking effect

To recap.... What is happening to the worlds population at present? Is this population growth even? What is population growth like in: Developed Economies? Developing Economies? Why? What was the world population growth like in the 1600’s, 1700’s-1800’s, 1950’s- now? What does demography mean? What is the current world population?

Population Distribution and Density

Population distribution and density Population Distribution means the spread of people across the world Population Density is the average number of people living in a square kilometre of land. It is related to the population and land available. Population density is calculated by dividing the population by the land area.

Re-cap.... What is happening to the world’s population at present? What is the population growth like in: (a) developed economies (b) developing economies What was the world population growth like in the 1600’s, 1700’s-1800’s, 1950’s- now? What does demography mean? What is the current world population? Tues 04/09/12

What does population distribution mean? What does population density refer to? How do you calculate population density? Population Land area

Factors effecting population distribution and density Physical and human factors affect where people live (distribution) and how many people live in a region (density).

Physical factors..... Climate Relief Soils Drainage Resources

Physical and Human Factors effecting population distribution and density 1. Climate: affects where crops can grow successfully. Areas with temperate climates have higher population densities than regions with hot or cold climates. Over 90% of the world’s population live in the northern hemisphere’s temperate zone. Temperate climates have no extremes of temperature or rainfall making farming and settlement easier.

Temperate regions (e.g. Europe and North-East USA) are densely populated. Whereas, desert equatorial and arctic regions have fewer people.

2. Relief: Flat low-lying, (e.g. North European Plain), tend to have high population densities. This is because building settlements and transport networks is easier on flat land. Over 80% of the world’s population live in altitudes below 500m.

Mountainous regions (e.g. The Alps) with cold temperatures, high steep grounds, strong winds and snowfall have low population densities. In hotter climates (e.g. tropical and equatorial regions) people favour coastal regions as they are cooler.

3. Soils: Flat land regions tend to have fertile soils(brown earth, boulder clay) suitable for growing crops Mountainous regions tend to have thin, infertile or no soil.

4. Drainage: Areas with rivers are more densely populated than areas without water. Rivers provide fertile alluvial soils for farming as well as a mode of transport. In the past rivers served as a defensive feature.

Mature river valleys are low lying which encourages farming and settlement (e.g. River Ganges in India and River Rhine in Europe.

5. Resources: Areas with many resources (e.g. Europe) tend to have higher population densities than areas with few resources (e.g. Sahel of Africa). Regions with mineral deposits or energy supplies attract industry

Mineral deposits have often led to the distribution of people to unfavourable regions. For example, settlements in desert regions in central Australia only exist because of gold mines. Large settlements can also be found in northern Sweden where iron ore.