By: Jennifer Bush

Different Sciences Pure ScienceApplied Science  Pure science is based solely on the sake gaining more of knowledge. It applies experimentation and technology to finding out more of the unknown. Examples would be things such as finding out how humans evolved, making faster cars, and learning about wild animal’s habits.  Applied science is for the bettering of man kind. It tries to find ways to progress the human race and help them live more efficiently. Examples would be doctors using science to find better and safer ways to cure cancer, or engineers finding better power sources.

Inferences  An inference is a logical conclusion based on what you already known. They can be found in the conclusion an experiment. Examples would be like, the ball falls to the ground due to the force of gravity pulling it down or Hannah's wearing a jacket so it must be cold outside.

Fair Test  A fair test is when you control all the variables in an experiment. An example would be testing how water changes when you apply different substances. You control all the variables in this experiment.

Variables  Independent variable-the independent variable is the variable that you as the experimenter changes.  Dependent variable- the dependent variable is the variable that is affected by the change in the independent variable.  Constant variable- the constant variable is the variable that stays the same through out the experiment. Example: How does the amount of water feed to plants effect the height it grows? IV: amount of water feed to plant. DV: height of growth CV: type of plant used

Observations  Observations are statements based on what you’ve observed with your 5 senses (something you’ve hears, seen, felt, tasted, or smelled). It can’t be opinionated. For example: 1)I heard the bird singing. 2)I saw the dog run away. 3) There was only one pen.

Conclusions  A conclusion is the summary of your experiment. It states weather your hypothesis was right or wrong and what was learned in the experiment. For example: My hypothesis was incorrect. Growing a plant in darkness will not make it grow taller. Growing the plant in sun light will make it grow taller than the plant in darkness.

Graphs Bar GraphsLine Graphs  A bar graph is used to compare things. It will usually have a key that tells you which bar is for what. For example: How the temperature effects the number a bugs seen.  A line graph is made when the data involves time. Any other graph will be made into a bar graph. For example: How the amount of time effects the number push-ups. Temperature (degrees Fahrenheit) Number of bugs Number of push-ups Amount of time(minutes) IV DV

Statements Qualitative StatementsQuantitative Statements  Qualitative statements are based on things that do not involve numbers. For example: 1) The sky is blue. 2) The computer was hot. 3) The paper was white.  Quantitative statements are based on things that involve numbers. For example: 1) There are ten people on the elevator. 2) There are five birds. 3) There was one cat on the wall.

Mean/Medians/Modes  Mean- the mean is the average of a whole set of numbers. For example: for the group of numbers the mean would be 4.8.  Median- the median is the number in the middle of a set of numbers. For example: for the set of numbers the median would be 6.  Mode- mode is the number that is most repeated in a group of numbers. For example: for the set of numbers the mode would be 3.

Hypothesis and Theories HypothesisTheory  A hypothesis is an educated guess on what you believe is going to happen in a experiment. It is also an if and then statement. For example: if the ice cream is placed on the window sill then it will melt faster than chocolate placed on the window sill.  A theory is a proven hypothesis. It is tested by many different people, many times. All of which come to the same conclusion. For example: the big bang theory is a theory.

Groups in an Experiment Control GroupExperimental Group  A Control group is left alone in an experiment and is only observed to see what happened to it.  An experimental group is what is effected by the independent variable in an experiment. It is then observed to see what happens. For example: a student wants to know if drinking water before a test will allow him to do better on a test than if he drank water after a test. he has group A drink water before a test and has group B take the same test. The control group is group b and the experimental group is group A.