Plant Kingdom All plants are multicellular, with cell walls made of cellulose. Autotrophs- make own carbs for energy through photosynthesis

What Plants need to Survive Sunlight Water and Minerals Gas Exchange Movement of water and nutrition

4 Important Plant Groups are the: Mosses (Bryophytes) Ferns (Pteridophytes) Conifers (Gymnosperms) Flowering Plants (Angiosperms)

Overview of Plant Kingdom

Nonvascular Plants Mosses The simplest of all land dwelling plants Nonvascular (no “veins”)-lack an internal means for water transportation Do not produce seeds or flowers -Fertilization depends on water medium to get the sperm to the egg. Lack a woody tissue necessary for support around their “stems” and so are usually relatively short

Moss Spanish Moss Hornworts Liverworts

Ferns The ferns are an ancient lineage of plants, dating back to at least the Devonian. They include three living groups -- Marattiales, Ophioglossales, and leptosporangiate ferns -- as well as a couple of extinct groups.plants Devonian Seedless, Vascular plants

Vascular Plants Angiosperms and Gymnosperms Internal transportation System Xylem Phloem Enables plants to evolve into larger specimens. Produce Seeds – protects and nourishes an Embryo of the new plant

Main Structures of Seed Plants Leaves - are the powerhouse of plants, and the major site of food production for the plant. Structures within a leaf convert the energy in sunlight into chemical energy that the plant can use as food.

Leaf Structure

Roots Anchor the plant in the soil. Absorb water and mineral salts from the soil. Store food. Form a passage way for water and dissolved substances from the root into the stem and also for foods from the stem down into the root. Two kinds of Roots 1.Tap roots - grows vertically down 2.Fibrous roots – no root is larger than the rest

Stems They support the leaves and flowers Transport water and food from place to place within the plant Store food Function in photosynthesis

Dicot vs. Monocot Two seed leaves (cotyledons) Leaves are net veined Vascular bundles in stems arranged in a circle Flower parts in fours or fives or multiples Seed chambers in fruit in fours or fives or multiples Fibrous root system One seed leaf (cotyledon) Leaves have parallel veins Vascular bundles in stems scattered Flower parts in threes or multiples Seed chambers in fruit in threes or multiples Tap root system

Dicot vs. Monocot

Plant Tissue Systems Dermal tissue- outer covering of plant Vascular tissue- forms transport system in plants Ground tissue- cells that lie between dermal and vascular tissue

Vascular Tissue Forms the transport system in plants Xylem – water carrying tubes – one way transport Phloem – sugar carrying tissues – two way transport

Angiosperms - flowering plants

Perfect Flower

 Conifers (pine cones)  Oldest vascular plants Gymnosperms