KINGDOMS
Bacteria Prokaryotes (no true nucleus) Unicellular Autotrophic (makes own food) Heterotrophic (consumes others) Chemoautotroph (break down inorganic compounds to make food)
Bacteria Most bacteria reproduce asexually through binary fission
Archaebacteria Archaebacteria (ancient bacteria) – no peptidoglycan in cell wall Live in some of the most extreme environments such as hot springs, steam vents, intestines of animals. Hot Springs in Yellowstone National Park
Eubacteria Eubacteria (true bacteria) – most common; has peptidoglycan in cell wall;
Eubacteria Knowing the amount of peptidogylcan will determine what kind of Gram stain the bacteria will “take”; knowing this can help to administer the correct antibiotics Gram Positive Gram Negative
Bacteria are classified by shape Round (cocci) Rod (bacilli) Spiral (spirilla) Streptococcus Bacillus Cholera spirilla
ANTIBIOTICS = chemicals that interfere with the life processes of bacteria
Protista Mostly unicellular, some are multicellular (algae) Can be heterotrophic and autotrophic Most live in water All are eukaryotic A protist is any organism that is not a plant, animal or fungus; this is why it is known as the “junk drawer” kingdom
Animal-like Protists : Protozoans Four phyla of Protozoans –Zooflagellates –Sarcodines –Ciliates –Sporozoans
Zooflagellates Move using one or two flagella
Sacrodines Moves using pseudopodia (“false feet”), which are like extensions of the cytoplasm Ingests food by surrounding and engulfing food (endocytosis) Can cause diarrhea and stomach upset from drinking contaminated water. Example – amoebas
Ciliates Move using cilia Has 2 nuclei Food is gathered in a mouth pore and wastes are removed from an anal pore Exhibits avoidance behavior Example – paramecium
Sporozoans Do not move on their own Parasitic Malaria is caused by a sporozoan (Plasmodium), which infects the liver and blood; transmitted by mosquitoes
Plant-like Protists - Algae All are photosynthetic Classified based on pigment –Green –Red –Brown
Green Algae Most diverse group of algae Has chlorophyll Example - Volvox
Red Algae Has a red pigment that allows them to grow at greater depths Used for food in some Asian countries
Brown Algae Important source of food in ocean Common problem for aquariums Example - Kelp
Fungi Eukaryotic Cell wall with chitin Unicellular and multicellular Heterotrophic Decomposers
Fungi Most are made of thin filaments called hyphae. One cell thick and look like threads under the microscope What gives mold a fuzzy texture
Fungi As the hyphae continue to grow, it becomes tangled and produces mycelium. This continues until the food source is gone.
Fungi Reproduce asexually and sexually. Asexual –budding, fragmentation and spores Sexually –hyphae fuse to form a diploid cell
Fungi Yeast is the only unicellular fungus. Mushrooms and molds are multicelluar.
Plantae Eukaryotic Cell wall with cellulose Multicellular Autotrophic Has chloroplasts Reproduce asexually and sexually
Plantae Divided into 2 divisions –Nonvascular and Vascular Nonvascular lacks vascular tissue Vascular has vascular tissue
Plantae Nonvascular plants are very small and live on land in a moist environment. Mosses are the most common along with liverworts and hornworts
Plantae Vascular plants have true roots, stems and leaves and xylem and phloem. Separated into 2 groups – seedless and seed producing plants
Plantae Seedless Vascular Plants – ferns, club mosses, horsetails and whisk ferns.
Plantae Two Groups – gymnosperms and angiosperms
Plantae Gymnosperms – means “naked seed” because seeds are exposed in a cone. Includes cycads, gingkos and conifers
Plantae Angiosperms – are flowering plants and produce seed that are enclosed by a fruit Most dominant type of plant on earth
Animalia Eukaryotic No cell wall Multicellular Heterotrophic Reproduce sexually
Animalia Divided into 2 major groups based on the presence of internal skeleton –Invertebrate –Vertebrates
Animalia Invertebrates are animals without a backbone Sponges, jellyfish, worms, snails, insects and starfish
Animalia Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone. Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals
Animalia Two types of symmetry –Radial –Bilateral