BIOMASS ENERGY AND BIOGAS GENERATION

Biomass is a renewable energy source that is derived from living or recently living organisms. Biomass includes biological material, not organic material like coal. Energy derived from biomass is mostly used to generate electricity or to produce heat. Thermal energy is extracted by means of combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification. Biomass can be chemically and biochemically treated to convert it to a energy-rich fuel.

 A mixture of methane(CH 4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 )  Clean, efficient source of renewable energy  Made from organic waste  Anaerobic digestion  Replaces non- renewable energy  Digested in an airtight container

 Biogas Digestion is the process of taking biogas to produce electricity, heat, or hot water  Biogas means a gas formed by carbon dioxide and methane from breakdown of organic materials such as manure.

 Digester is a vessel or container where the biogas process takes place. Bacteria breaks down manure or other waste products to create biogas. Products may be fed into the chamber.

 Replaces fossil fuels and other sources of nonrenewable energy  Simple, cost effective designs  Highly available fuel supply  Better usage of manure - no longer polluting water - no longer being burnt  Saves money  Decrease greenhouse gas emissions

 Manure mixed with water to create slurry  Slurry is put into airtight digester  Anaerobic decomposition  Methane created and collected  Effluent produced and removed

 Most of them are renewable, e.g., wood, mustard oil and crop residues.  Solve energy crisis in the future.  Some of them are re-using the waste, e.g.,crop residues, sewage.  High energy efficiency.  Generally it does not polluted the atmosphere as much as oil and coal.  Protects clean water supplies  Reduces acid rain and smog  Reduces greenhouse gases  Carbon dioxide  Methane

 More serious air pollution was found when burning plants matters, e.g., CO2, CO, solid particulate matter.  Emission some toxic gases and ash.  It takes too much energy to collect, dry and transport the residues to power plants.  Reduce soil nutrient replenishment.  Cutting too many woods is a kind of deforestation, can cause soil erosion and natural disasters  It uses large area to grow biomass.

 Trees and other biomass is hard to gather  There is a low output of 34% energy gain  Development of cheapo and reliable combustion techniques that will not release pollutants  Development of gasification techniques that incorporate hydrogen to create syngas  Biomass contains less energy per pound than fossil fuels  Cost-inefficient to transport more than 50 miles before it is converted to fuel

 Biogas works best on small operations  Has technology improves we will be able to use methane gas more efficiently  Good way to put human and animal waste to good use  Renewables are a very small contributor to present Florida energy sources  Biomass energy is the predominate renewable energy source in Florida.