ETHICAL ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH THE BEGINNING OF LIFE Assist.Prof.Dr. Mehmet KARATAS Dept. of History of Medicine & Ethics

Legal Basis International Documents The Law on the Practice of Medicine and Medical Sciences Medical Ethics Charter Patients’ Rights Directive Execution and Supervision Regulation on Termination of Pregnancy and Sterilization Services Regulation of Assisted Reproductive Treatment Centers Regulations on Clinical Trials

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) Every adult has the right to marry and start a family

The European Convention on Human Rights (1950) People who have reached a marriageable age, according to the national laws governing the exercise of this right, has the right to marry and to begin a family

International Conference on Population and Development (1994) Universal accessibility of health care services including family planning and sexual health All couples and individuals have the basic right to decide freely and responsibly the number and spacing of their children and to have the information, education and means to do so; the responsibility of couples and individuals in the exercise of this right takes into account the needs of their living and future children, and their responsibilities towards the community.

Problematic Situations Contraception Termination of pregnancy Assisted reproductive techniques Prenatal genetic screening

Contraception Married adult couples Age group of unmarried children

Termination of Pregnancy Woman/man decides The right of the fetus to live Community Involvement

Execution and Supervision Regulation on Termination of Pregnancy and Sterilization Services (1983) Provided there are no medical contraindications, the uterus may be evacuated until the end of the 10th week of pregnancy.

Population Planning Law (1983) The purpose of this Law shall be to regulate the principles of population planning, pregnancy termination and sterilization procedures, cases where emergency interventions are permitted, and the acquisition, production, and procedures for approval of contraceptive drugs and devices "Population planning" means the freedom of individuals to decide on the number and the timing of their children. "Population planning" means the freedom of individuals to decide on the number and the timing of their children.

Assisted Reproductive Techniques IVF (invitro fertilization) Transfer of embryo Transfer of sperm/ovum Surrogacy

Regulation of Assisted Reproductive Treatment Centers (1987) To ensure that married couples who can not have children but are medically capable, benefit from the assisted reproduction treatment methods Couples who want to take advantage of the methods of assisted reproduction treatment should be married The own reproductive cells of the couples should be used

1978 / Louise Brown

Prenatal Genetic Screening Anomaly detection Sex determination/selection The usege of embryos for research

Edwards Syndrome

Newborn/Physician Relationship

References F. Başak ÇAKMAK/Bilal GÜNENÇ, İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, translation Tolga GÜVEN, Marmara Üniversitesi Tıp Tarihi ve Etik AD ders notları Gürkan SERT, Hasta Hakları Robert M VEATCH, Medical Ethics Emine ATABEK, Mebrure DEĞER, Tıbbi Deontoloji Konuları Hasta Hakları Yönetmeliği, 1998 Klinik Araştırmalar Hakkında Yönetmelik, 2011 Çağlar Boyu Tıp, Roche Yayınları