Skeletal Muscle Functions Produce movement Maintain posture Stabilize joints Generate heat

Muscles & Body Movements Movement is attained due to a muscle moving an attached bone Muscles are attached to at least 2 points Origin Attachment to immoveable bone Insertion Attachment to movable bone Complete & color-code (#14)

Types of Muscles Complete #16 Prime mover—muscle with major responsibility for a certain movement Antagonist—muscle that opposes or reverses a prime mover Synergist—muscle that aids a prime mover in a movement & helps prevent rotation Fixator—stabilizes origin of a prime mover Complete #16

Naming Skeletal Muscles By direction of muscle fibers Examples Rectus (straight) Transverse (horizontal) Oblique (angle) By relative size of the muscle Maximus (largest) Minimus (smallest) Longus (longest) By location of the muscle Examples Temporalis (temporal bone) Occipitalis (occipital bone) By number of origins Triceps (3 heads) Biceps (2 heads) Quadriceps (4 muscles in group)

Naming Skeletal Muscles By location of the muscle’s origin & insertion Example Sternocleidomastoid (on the sternum) By action of the muscle Examples Flexor (flexes a bone) Extensor (extends a bone) Abductor (abducts a limb) Adductor (adducts a limb) By shape of the muscle Deltoid (triangular) Trapezius (trapezoid)

Today in Human Anatomy... Anatomy Fun Fact: Week #6 (11/16-11/20) Warm Up – Mon, 11/16: - Check for Latin Flash Cards Have out: Muscular Sys. notes Pt 1 Mr. Muscle Man Pick up: Same colored pencil as yesterday’s Muscle Tissue Comparison wkst Muscle diagrams Web of Life article & questionnaire (EC) Anatomy Fun Fact: There are muscle cells in the longest body muscle (Sartorius) which are more than a foot in length. Homework: Rubber bones Lab (3I) – Tues, 11/17 Muscles Quiz #1 – Wed, 11/18 Muscles Quiz #2 – Mon, 11/23 Agenda: Continue Muscular System Finish coloring muscle worksheets Continue with types of muscle tissue notes Learning Goal: I will be able to describe the structure & function of the Muscular System. 6

Superficial Muscles: Anterior Identify (by number) & color-code (all the same color) the following Anterior Muscles: -Orbicularis oris -Pectoralis major -External oblique -Adductor group -Vastus medialis Muscle Quiz #1

Superficial Muscles: Posterior Per. 4 start - Tues Superficial Muscles: Posterior Identify (by number) & color-code (all the same color) the following Posterior Muscles: -Adductor group -Gluteus maximus -Gastrocnemius Muscle Quiz #1

Naming Skeletal Muscles Review Identify 1 skeletal muscle we have learned that is named for… Its relative size? Gluteus maximus Its location on the body? Latissimus dorsi Its shape? Orbicularis oris The number of origins? Biceps brachii The direction of muscle fibers? External obliques

Have out your Muscle Tissue Comparison checklist… How many different types of muscle tissue is found in the body? 3!

The Muscular System Muscles are responsible for all types of body movement 3 muscle types are found in the body Skeletal muscle Attached to bone & skin Produce movement, stabilize joints, provide posture & generate heat Cardiac muscle Walls of the heart Protect the heart & produce contractions of the heart walls Smooth muscle Walls of hollow visceral (i.e, stomach) organs (except heart) Protect organs & produce slow contractions

Comparison of Skeletal, Cardiac & Smooth Muscles

Characteristics of Muscles All muscles share some terminology myo & mys refer to “muscle” sarco refers to “flesh” Skeletal & smooth muscle cells are elongated (muscle cell = muscle fiber) Contraction of muscles is due to the movement (pulling together) of microfilaments (micro = “small”; fila = “thread”)

Smooth Muscle Characteristics Lacks striations Spindle-shaped cells Single nucleus Involuntary—no conscious control Contractions happen very slowly Found mainly in the walls of hollow organs Stomach, urinary bladder, respiratory passages

Cardiac Muscle Characteristics Striations Usually has a single nucleus Branching cells Joined to another muscle cell at an intercalated disc Involuntary Contractions happen slowly Found only in the heart

Skeletal Muscle Characteristics Most are attached by tendons to bones Cells are multinucleated Striated—have visible banding Voluntary—subject to conscious control Contractions happen slow to fast Muscles are either contracted or relaxed Contracted the muscle exerts pulling force = muscle shortens Since muscles can only pull (not push), they work in pairs (antagonistic muscles) Example: Biceps & Triceps Muscle that bends joint is called the flexor muscle Muscle that straightens joint is called the extensor muscle Which is the flexor muscle? Extensor muscle?

EXAMPLE

Closing Activity Comparing 3 Muscles Tissues wkst Per. 1 start - Wed Closing Activity Comparing 3 Muscles Tissues wkst Work INDIVIDUALLY on the wkst using the notes we just discussed!

Today in Human Anatomy... Anatomy Fun Fact: Agenda: Homework: Week #6 (11/17-11/21) Warm Up – Wed, 11/18: - Review Quiz #1 Muscle Group Turn in: Nothing Pick up: Comparing the 3 muscles tissues wkst 4 colored pencils Muscle Worksheets Anatomy Fun Fact: Muscles in the middle of the ear are the smallest muscles present in the human body. Agenda: Muscles Quiz #1 Identify Muscle Quiz #2 Muscles Notes: Finish Types of Muscle Tissue Microscope Activity: Types of Muscle Tissue Homework: Muscles Quiz #2 – Mon, 11/23 Learning Goal: I will be able to describe the structure & function of the Muscular System. 19

Muscles to Identify Quiz #1 Pick up 1 colored pencil (ALL muscles will be color-code with 1 color). QUIETLY take the quiz & turn it in to the Hmwk Bin when finished. Take out Mr. Muscles, your other muscle diagrams & flashcards for your next set of muscles (Quiz #2)!

Superficial Muscles: Anterior Identify (by number) & color-code (all the same color) the following Anterior Muscles: -Sternocleidomastoid -Biceps brachii -Deltoid -Vastus lateralis -Transverse abdominis Muscle Quiz #2

Superficial Muscles: Posterior Identify (by number) & color-code (all the same color) the following Posterior Muscles: -Latissimus dorsi -Deltoid -Semitendinosus Muscle Quiz #2

Connective Tissue Wrappings & Attachments of Skeletal Muscle Label your drawing! Tendons—cord-like structures Mostly collagen fibers Attach muscle belly to bone Figure 6.1

Connective Tissue Wrappings & Attachments of Skeletal Muscle Cells are surrounded & bundled by connective tissue Fascia—tough connective tissue, outside of the epimysium of the muscle belly, that creates a 3-D web around every muscle Figure 6.1

Connective Tissue Wrappings & Attachments of Skeletal Muscle Cells are surrounded & bundled by connective tissue Epimysium—covers the entire skeletal muscle (muscle belly) Label your drawing & use 1 color to identify the muscle belly! Figure 6.1

Connective Tissue Wrappings & Attachments of Skeletal Muscle Label your drawing & use a different color to identify the fascicles! Cells are surrounded & bundled by connective tissue Perimysium—wraps around a fascicle (bundle) of muscle fibers Figure 6.1

Connective Tissue Wrappings & Attachments of Skeletal Muscle Cells are surrounded & bundled by connective tissue Endomysium—encloses a single muscle fiber Label your drawing & use another color to identify the muscle fiber/cell! Figure 6.1

Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle Label your drawing & use your last color to identify the myofibrils! Sarcolemma—specialized plasma membrane that surrounds a myofibril Myofibrils—long organelles inside muscle cell

REVIEW of SKELETAL MUSCLE STRUCTURE: Play Doh Model Challenge Per. 1 - The end REVIEW of SKELETAL MUSCLE STRUCTURE: Play Doh Model Challenge Using the 4 colors of modeling clay, develop a mini replica of skeletal muscle, including… 1 muscle belly At least 3 fascicles At least 3 muscle fibers within each fascicle At least 3 myofibrils within each muscle fiber Muscle belly Fascicles Muscle fibers Myofibrils