Fertilization!. “The elements that unite are single cells, each on the point of death; but by their union a rejuvenated individual is formed, which constitutes.

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Presentation transcript:

Fertilization!

“The elements that unite are single cells, each on the point of death; but by their union a rejuvenated individual is formed, which constitutes a link in the eternal process of Life.” ~ F. R. Lillie

Union of Sperm and Egg

Union of Egg and Sperm Oviduct Can only occur directly after egg ovulated

How many sperm fertilize egg? Survival of the fittest Polyspermy– nondisjunction? ??? Blocks to polyspermy mov

Slow Block to Polyspermy– formation of fertilization envelope ges/video/mk mov

Thought Question What is the problem with 2+ sperm fertilizing one egg? How is this problem related to nondisjunction?

Twins/IVF

Twins Zygote = fertilized egg

When fertilized egg splits partially

In Vitro Fertilization In Vitro= in petri dish Egg + sperm united outside body

Thought Question What potential fertility problems (M and F)may lead couples to engage in IVF?? Why?? Think of at least 2!!!

IVF often leads to multiple births Multiple zygotes implanted Increased likelihood for complications

How Often Fertilization Works

“If you think it’s amazing that any one of us survives to be born, you are correct.”~ Gilbert, Developmental Biology

Thought Question Out of 20 hypothetical human eggs that come into contact with sperm, how many lead to: – Successful fertilization – Successful implantation – Successful development, 4 th week – Successful development, 8 th week – Fetuses coming to term – OVERALL, what percentage of human conceptions successfully come to term?

½ to 2/3 of human conceptions don’t come to term

Implantation in Uterus/Nourishment for Baby

Implantation in Uterus

Ectopic Pregnancy

Umbilical Cord and Placenta

Amniotic Fluid

Contraception

Physical Barrier methods

Chemical Methods

Thought Question A woman taking birth control still receives her period. What must necessarily occur for this to happen? New birth control pills have been developed that allow women only to get their periods a few times a year. What must be different about these pills vs. normal birth control?

Figure Mechanisms of some contraceptive methods