Bond Types

Bond Types: At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to: 1. Identify 5 different bond types 2. Explain each bond type 3. List 3 differences between a polar covalent and non-polar covalent bond

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Ionic Bonds Transfer of electrons from the metal (cation) to the nonmetal (anion). Transfer of electrons from the metal (cation) to the nonmetal (anion). Electrical attraction between large numbers of cations and anions Electrical attraction between large numbers of cations and anions Ion = a charged particle Ion = a charged particle Cation = + charged particle Cation = + charged particle –Loves to give electrons away –Low Ionization Energy & Electronegativity –Typically are metals

Ionic Bonds (cont.) Anion = - charged particle Anion = - charged particle –Loves to accept electrons –High Ionization Energy & Electronegativity –Typically are nonmetals Electronegativity difference >1.7 Electronegativity difference >1.7 Ionic Compounds are polar

Ionic Bonds (cont.)

If a bond is ionic: If a bond is ionic: –The compound will fall apart (dissociate) into its original ions when dissolved in water –If a conductivity test is performed, the light bulb will… light!

Li F Ionic Bond Example:

Li F Ionic Bond Example:

Li +1 F The attraction between a cation and an anion. Ionic Bond Example:

Covalent Bonds Formed when 2 nonmetal atoms share electrons Occurs most often between nonmetals

Polar Covalent Bonds Unequal sharing of electrons Unequal sharing of electrons Electrons attracted more to the atom with the higher electronegativity Electrons attracted more to the atom with the higher electronegativity Electronegativity difference is between 0.4 – 1.7 Electronegativity difference is between 0.4 – 1.7 Polar Covalent Bonds dissolve in water Polar Covalent Bonds dissolve in water –Why? The light bulb doesn’t light up. Why??? The light bulb doesn’t light up. Why???

Polar Covalent Bonds

Non-polar Covalent Bonds Equal sharing of electrons Electronegativity difference is between basically 0. (0 – 0.3) Usually found between diatomic molecules – two of the same atoms When there are multiple atoms that make up the compound and the difference of EN would suggest it is polar, it will be nonpolar Non-polar covalent bonds don’t dissolve in water and no conductivity. Can be a solid, liquid or gas Can be a solid, liquid or gas

Non-polar Covalent Bonds

Covalent Bond Example: H2H2 H2H2

Each hydrogen is sharing its electron so they both look like helium electronically!! P +1 It’s like both atoms have a filled orbital.

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Metallic Bonds Bond formed between multiple metal atoms. Bond formed between multiple metal atoms. Electrons are free to move within electron clouds of all metal ions = Electrons are free to move within electron clouds of all metal ions = Sea of Electrons Electrons are delocalized – they don’t belong to any one atom anymore. Electrons are delocalized – they don’t belong to any one atom anymore. In metals, p-orbitals and some d-orbitals are completely vacant and overlap each atom. In metals, p-orbitals and some d-orbitals are completely vacant and overlap each atom.

Metallic Bonds

Metallic Bond Example:

Chemical Bonds Stronger Weaker

Bond Types: Let’s see if you can: 1. Identify 3 different bond types 2. Explain each bond type 3. List 3 differences between a polar covalent and non-polar covalent bond

Honors: Review Bonds So Far…. Turn to page 5 in your packet and complete the chart. Turn to page 5 in your packet and complete the chart. Pair check with your neighbor Pair check with your neighbor Answer any questions that are giving you any difficulty. Answer any questions that are giving you any difficulty. HL = complete any problems on page 25 that you can HL = complete any problems on page 25 that you can

Bond Types (cont.)

Bond Types: At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to: 1. Identify 2 intermolecular bond types 2. Explain each bond type

Hydrogen Bonds Intermolecular forces – attraction between molecules Intermolecular forces – attraction between molecules Some hydrogen containing compounds are extremely polar Some hydrogen containing compounds are extremely polar –HF, H 2 O, NH 3 –Large electronegativity differences cause this The hydrogen atom in the molecule is attracted to the unshared pair of electrons on another molecule The hydrogen atom in the molecule is attracted to the unshared pair of electrons on another molecule

Hydrogen Bond Example:

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Van der Waals Bonds These bonds are important for Noble Gases These bonds are important for Noble Gases Very weak bonds Very weak bonds Electrons of Noble Gases get shifted to one side causing it to attract a slightly positive atom that is nearby. Electrons of Noble Gases get shifted to one side causing it to attract a slightly positive atom that is nearby.

Van der Waals Bond Example:

Bond Types: Let’s see if you can: 1. Identify 5 different bond types 2. Explain each bond type 3. List 3 differences between a polar covalent and non-polar covalent bond

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What type of bond contains an active metal (far left) and a nonmetal? 1. metallic 2. covalent 3. ionic 4. hydrogen

What type of bond contains a nonmetal bonded with a nonmetal? metallic covalent ionic hydrogen

What type of bond contains a metalloid and a nonmetal? 1. metallic 2. covalent 3. ionic 4. hydrogen 5. Vander der Walls

What type of bond would form the alloy, pewter, with tin and lead? 1. metallic 2. covalent 3. ionic 4. hydrogen 5. Vander der Walls

What type of bond would form when a hydrogen atom in the molecule is attracted to the unshared pair of electrons on another molecule? 1. metallic 2. covalent 3. ionic 4. hydrogen 5. Vander der Waals

N 2 is a(n)? 1. anion 2. cation 3. diatomic molecule 4. polyatomic ion

N 2 is an example of a(n) ___ bond? 1. metallic 2. polar covalent 3. ionic 4. nonpolar covalent

N 3- is a(n)? anion cation diatomic molecule polyatomic ion

NH 4 + is a(n)? anion cution diatomic molecule polyatomic ion

Na + is a(n)? anion cation diatomic molecule polyatomic ion

CsCl is an example of a(n) ___ bond? 1. metallic 2. polar covalent 3. ionic 4. nonpolar covalent

Fe with Cr is an example of a(n) ___ bond? 1. metallic 2. polar covalent 3. ionic 4. nonpolar covalent

H 2 O is an example of a(n) ___ bond? 1. metallic 2. polar covalent 3. ionic 4. nonpolar covalent

CuCl is an example of a(n) ___ bond? 1. metallic 2. polar covalent 3. ionic 4. nonpolar covalent