PLEASE DO THIS!! Take off your left shoe and place it on my desk in the front
Chapter 18: Classification
Classification Taxonomy is the method of logically grouping organisms based on some common characteristics Taxonomy does the actual grouping into the groups called TAXON (s – TAXA) with some kind of biological significance. EX: Things that fly, swim, walk, have feathers, etc.
How many different terms can you think of for trying to tell someone something is really good? WRITE ‘EM DOWN!
There is a need for a common term to describe an individual organism so that all people understand when the term is used. Carolus Linnaeus came up with the system of Binomial Nomenclature.
Carolus Linnaeus He assigned two Latin names to each different species of organisms. This is their Scientific name. Homo sapiens (human) Homo sapiens Ursus maritimus (polar bear) Ursus maritimus Alba rubrum (red oak) Ursus arctos (grizzly bear)
How to write the name Genus name first Species name second Always CAPITALIZED Species name second Never capitalized Can either be… Italicized Underlined
Latin Names Scientific names will always be in Latin. Latin is a dead language that will not evolve unlike other languages. Little chance of change through time. Universally understood in the science community
Latin Names Is an animal’s Genus (Evereadii) and its species (eatibus)
Haliaeetus leucocephalus ORGANISM Felis domesticus Canis familiaris Haliaeetus leucocephalus Danaus plexippus English Cat Dog Eagle Butterfly Spanish Gato Perro águila Mariposa French Chat Chienne L'aigle Papillion German Katze Hund Alder Schmetterling Picture
The Taxonomic order: From the biggest group to the smallest group or taxa Taxa Human Cat Dog Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata Class Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Order Primate Carnivora Carnivora Family Hominoidae Felidae Canidae Genus Homo Felis Canis species sapiens catus lupus Which two organisms are more closely related and why?
Dastardly King Phillip Came Over From German Soil The Taxonomic order: DOMAIN KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS ORDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIES Dastardly King Phillip Came Over From German Soil
Kingdom Country Phylum State Class County Order Town Family Each KINGDOM is further classified into more specific groups, much like addresses are organized into smaller categories. Kingdom Country Phylum State Class County Order Town Family Neighborhood Genus Street Species House Number
Modern methods of classification rely on evolutionary relationships in place of homologous structures.
Kingdoms and Domains 1700’s – Plants and Animals only Is this right? 1800’s – Protists, Plants and Animals 1950’s – 5 Kingdom system, including Fungus and Monera Are we close now? Now – 6 Kingdoms divided into 3 Domains This has to be it, yes?
DICHOTOMOUS KEY 1A: If orange, go to………………………………………..2 1B: If not orange, go to …………………………………..4 2A: Has wings, it is ……………………………………….. Charizard 2B: Does not have wings, go to ………………………….3 3A: Teeth showing, it is …………………………………... Charmander 3B: Teeth not showing, it is ……………………………… Charmeleon 4A: Shell present, go to …………………………………… 5 4B: Shell absent, go to ……………………………………. 7 5A: Ears present, go to …………………………………… 6 5B: No ears, it is ……………………………………….… Squirtle 6A: Guns on back, it is ……………………………………. Blastoise 6B: No guns on back, it is ……………………………….. Wartortle 7A: Flower on back, go to ………………………………… 8 7B: No flower on back, it is ……………………………….. Bulbasaur 8A: Rounded eye shape, it is …………………………… Venusaur 8B: Triangular eye shape, it is …………………………. Ivysaur