Hindi Language By: Savina Singh WLC-212.

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Presentation transcript:

Hindi Language By: Savina Singh WLC-212

History Hindi developed in 8th-10th Centuries from Khari Boli Switched to Urdu because of Muslim invaders Indigenous population borrowed from Sanskrit Sanskrit is the major source of Hindi Devanagari Script – land of gods

Regions – Hindi as Official Language Approximately 298 million speakers

Different Dialects Braj Bhasha – Religious scriptures Oldest dialect – Khari Boli Haryanvi – State of Haryana Dehati – Lower caste, Low-income speakers Bundeli, Awadh, Chattisgarhi, Bagheli, and Kannauji

Alphabet systems and Orthographic Conventions

Orthography Cont.….

Hindi Phonology Velar Palatal K: क /kə/ k; English: scald ख /kʰə/ kh; English called ग /gə/ g; English: game घ /gʱə/ gh; Aspirated/murmured /g/ ङ /ŋə/ n; English: ring Palatal च /cɕə / or / tʃə/ ch; English butcher छ /cɕʰə / or /tʃʰə/ chh; English: chat ज /ɟʝə / or / dʒə/ j; English: jam झ /ɟʝʱə / or / dʒʱə/ jh; Aspirated/murmured /ɟʝ/

Hindi Phonology Cont.… Retroflex ट /ʈə/ t; like "t" but with the tongue tip curled back ठ /ʈʰə/ th; Aspirated /ʈ/ ड /ɖə/ d; like "d" but with the tongue tip curled back ढ /ɖʱə/ dh; Aspirated/murmured /ɖ/ ण /ɳə/ n; like "n" but with the tongue tip curled back

Phonology Cont.… Apico-Dental त /t̪ə/ t; Spanish: tomate थ /t̪ʰə/ th; Aspirated /t̪/ द /d̪ə/ d; Spanish: donde ध /d̪ʱə/ dh; Aspirated/murmured /d̪/ न /nə/ n; English: name

Morphology Gender Differences Past: e/ Present: en/ Future: enge Sg. Pl. Dir. Obl. Dir. Obl. Voc. Masc. -ā -e -õ -o +õ +o Fem. -ī, -i, -iyā -iyā -iyõ -iyo +ẽ +õ +o Past: e/ Present: en/ Future: enge

Unique Greeting and Idiom Unique Greeting Unique Idiom Khoon Bhari Maang

Pragmatics Bus Vehicle - Same as English Argument - Keep Quiet During meal – I don’t want anymore or I’m done Are you done? Sarcasm

Personal Hindi is one of the oldest languages in the world, and enriched with culture and values. Personal relevance: Part of my heritage, and necessary to communicate with family. Computer Industry, and India’s growing economy.

References Hindi Language Information. (n.d). Retrieved May 1, 2015, from http://www.lingvozone.com/Hindi Hindi Grammar Online. (n.d). Retrieved May 2, 2015, from http://www.hindigrammaronline.com Hindustani Grammar. (n.d). Retrieved May 2, 2015, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_grammar Rana. S, personal interview, May 1, 2015.