WORLD HISTORY 5 5 ERA Increased Hemispheric Interaction 500 ish Increased Hemispheric Interaction 500 ish

interconnected volume variety network In this era the various regions of Eurasia and Africa became more firmly interconnected than at any time in history. The sailing ships that crossed the wide sea basins of the Eastern Hemisphere carried a greater volume and variety of goods than ever before. In fact, the chain of seas extending across the hemisphere came to form a single interlocking network of maritime trade. Introduction WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION

caravan cultural opportunities dangers intercommunication In the same centuries caravan traffic crossed the Inner Asian steppes and the Sahara desert more frequently. As trade and travel intensified so did cultural exchanges and encounters, presenting local societies with a profusion of new opportunities and dangers. By the end of this era, the Eastern Hemisphere constituted a single zone of intercommunication possessing a unified history of its own. Our global view presents three areas of focus for this time: Introduction WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION

The Emergence of Europe Rome civilization challenge interchange After the fall of Rome, Europe experienced remarkable growth. Western and Central Europe emerged as a new center of Christian civilization, expanding in agricultural production, population, commerce, and military might. Powerful European states presented a new challenge to the civilizations in the Mediterranean world. At the same time Europe was drawn into the commercial economy and cultural interchange of the hemisphere. Introduction WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION

The Resurgence of the Orient China prosperity success linking regions At the opposite side of the hemisphere, the Orient, especially China, experienced a burst of technological innovation, commercialization, and urbanization, emerging as the largest economy in the world. The prosperity and success of China drew the attention of Europe, linking the two regions across the hemisphere. Introduction WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION

The Mongol Dominance empire stabilizing unification Black Death The Mongols under Chinggis Khan created the largest land empire the world had ever seen. The Mongol warlords intruded in one way or another on the lives of almost all peoples of Eurasia. The conquests were terrifying, but the stabilizing of Mongol rue led to a century of fertile commercial and cultural interchange across the continent. Eurasian unification, however, had a disastrous consequence in the 14 th century—the Black Death and its attendant social impact on the two continents. Introduction WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION

Introduction WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION locales migrated locations 1.Population growth in specific locales negatively impacted the environment; many people migrated to new locations other elsewhere 2.Migrating groups moved into other groups’ territories, forcing them to go elsewhere introduced new 3.Migrating groups introduced new plants and animals into their new homes diffused 4.Migrations diffused technologies for farming, warfare, and crafts styles 5.Migrations diffused languages, styles of living, and arts Population Growth & Migration

Vikings Bantu-Speaking People of Africa Mongols Turkic Groups People of Oceania Arabs Germanic Tribes Chinese

Introduction WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION built foundations earlier 1.New ruling groups built on the foundations of earlier states and empires 2.Wars new 2.Wars led to destruction but also produced new inventions protected stabilized 3.Strong governments protected trade routes and stabilized economies patrons 4.Royal courts were patrons of science, religion, and the arts together 5.Large states brought together many ethnic, language, and religious groups States & Empires

States and Empires in 600 CE

States and Empires in 800CE

States and Empires in 1237 CE

States and Empires in 1400 CE

Introduction WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION grew networks 1.As cities grew, so did the trade networks between them spread 2.Trade helped spread religions, languages, ideas, and arts stimulated 3.Trade stimulated the use of natural resources 4.Bankscreditmoney 4.Banks, credit, and money systems encouraged regional and long distance trade Trade Networks

Introduction WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION 1.Universal community 1.Universal faiths gave members a sense of community beyond political, class or ethnic identities gathered recorded founded 2.Religious scholars gathered and recorded knowledge and founded institutions of learning production exchange 3.The spread of religions stimulated production and exchange of arts, literature, philosophy, and the science Ideas & Beliefs

Introduction WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION pace depth breadth 1.The pace of innovation increased—both in depth and breadth productivity 2.Manufacturing and farming productivity increased improved 3.People’s diets and health improved webs 4.Sea travel and transport webs became thicker Agricultural & Technical Diffusion

Text and Images for Introduction Slides 1-18 adapted from Cohen, Sharon and Douglass, Susan. “Panorama Teaching Unit: Patterns of Interregional Unity, CE.” World History for Us All. San Diego State University in collaboration with the National Center for History in the Schools.