for the Joint Warfighter CB Technology for the Joint Warfighter Dr. Charles Gallaway Joint Science & Technology Office Worldwide Chemical Conference 14 Oct 2004

JSTO is an integral member of the CB Team Combatant Commanders Services OSD provides oversight Required Capabilities Joint Requirements Office (JRO) Prioritized Needs JFOCS Test & Evaluation S&T Gaps Solutions Joint Science & Technology Office DTRA/CB Joint Program Executive Office (JPEO) Mature Technologies

Mission Develop and sustain a robust, agile, and flexible Science and Technology program to support CB Defense capability needs Transition Technologies Answer Science Questions Maintain Robust Tech Base

Medical Science & Technology Physical Science & Technology We are organized by Capability Areas Medical Science & Technology Pretreatments Diagnostics Therapeutics Emerging Threats Physical Science & Technology Detection Decontamination Protection Modeling & Simulation Transition Technology

Leveraging the best in class from across the spectrum of performers Service Labs Academia Industry International Partners

Multiple dimensions to consider as we make S&T investments Classical Threats Emerging Threats Requirements Pull Technology Push Medical Non-Medical Chemical Biological Evolutionary Revolutionary Current Old ∆ ∆

Preserving warfighter effectiveness through medical countermeasures Transition Technologies Answer Science Questions Maintain Robust Tech Base Pretreatments/ Prophylaxes Diagnostics Emerging Threats/ Special Programs Therapeutics

A systems biology approach will yield novel pretreatments Non-living vectors for multi-valent and multi-agent pretreatments Non-injection methods of vaccine delivery Chemical agent bio-scavenger

Lab diagnostic assays for use in forward battlespace areas DNA arrays and proteomic analysis to identify exposure before symptoms arise Molecular (nano) fabrication methods to make ultra-miniaturized “lab-on-chip” applications

New opportunities for intervention Antimicrobials and immunotherapies effective against bacterial, viral, and toxin agents Identify common biological mechanisms how agents cause injury Design non-specific and broad spectrum treatments effective against whole classes of threat agents

Emerging Threats – Anticipating the unknown Develop countermeasures against non-traditional nerve agents Develop identification techniques and countermeasures for genetically modified biological threat agents Rapid re-sequencing capability and bio-informatics

Special Project – Low-Level Operational Toxicology Addresses deficiencies in current understanding of operational CWA exposure Defendable criteria for detection, protection, decontamination and countermeasure technologies Valid and defendable toxicity data is the foundation for every Baseline Capability

Modeling and Simulation Preserving warfighter effectiveness with advanced equipment and materials Protection Decontamination Detection Transition Technologies Answer Science Questions Maintain Robust Tech Base Modeling and Simulation The CBD S&T program supports Service and Combatant Commander's four basic needs: to SENSE CB hazards, SHAPE an understanding of the battlefield, SHIELD soldiers from CB hazards, and SUSTAIN soldiers by restoring operational capability. The program is organized around a number of thrust areas and research is conducted in five commodity areas: detection, protection, decontamination, modeling and simulation and the supporting sciences. Detection programs provide the capability to continually diagnose, quantify, and sample CBRN hazards by detecting and identifying CBRN hazards in air, water, on land, on personnel, equipment or facilities, and the physical state of those hazards (solid, liquid, gaseous). Protection programs shield the soldier from physical contact with debilitating and/or life threatening agents and enable the joint force to maintain high operating tempo. Decontamination programs enable the quick restoration of combat power, maintain/recover essential functions that are free from the effects of CBRN hazards, and facilitate the return to pre-incident operational capability as soon as possible. Modeling and Simulation programs provide the joint force commander a clear understanding of the current and predicted CBRN situation. Supporting Sciences provide fundamental technical studies of phenomena which have a broad impact and relevance to the four principal commodity areas. Supporting S&T

Collecting information, not just detecting Wide Area Field of View Single-pixel (JSLSCAD) Threat Wide Area Aerial Recon Expand/new signatures for existing technologies Increase discrimination Reduce false alarms Multiplex Assays Minimize consumables Reduce response time and logistical burden

New approaches to limiting exposure Develop monolayered reactive materials Investigate materials for self-detoxification and increased aerosol protection Improve TIC protection

A single decontamination solution for all agents remains a formidable challenge Focus on technology for Interiors Sensitive equipment Aircraft exteriors Still struggling with basic science for decon and materials compatability

Modeling and Simulation will improve decision making Sensor integration and decision support tools for warfighter’s common operating picture Algorithms for aerosol agents in urban areas and inside buildings Live weather feeds for predictive models

Many aspects of underlying science must still be investigated Understand environmental fate of chemical and biological agent Develop artificial chemical and biological simulants

How does agent actually behave on surfaces? Study persistence of CW agents on military operational surfaces (e.g. concrete, asphalt) to inform Operational/Risk Management Command decisions Other S&T efforts Generate/validate data via field, lab and wind tunnel studies Create modeling tools to support decision making

CB S&T is an integral part of the CBD program Medical Science & Technology Answer Science Questions Maintain Robust Tech Base Transition Technologies Physical Science & Technology Alignment Air Force Army TRANSITION Navy Products for the Joint Warfighter Marine

We use demonstrations to assess technologies CBRN Unmanned Ground Reconnaissance (CUGR) Biological Network (BIONET) Answer Science Questions Transition Technologies Maintain Robust Tech Base Joint Service Installation Pilot Project (JSIPP) Contamination Avoidance at Seaports of Debarkation (CASPOD) Large Frame Aircraft Decontamination Demonstration (LFADD)

CUGR - Enhanced NBC recon capabilities CBRN reconnaissance can not currently be performed at the speed of man Reliable near-real time detection and identification technology for manned reconnaissance platforms Provide unmanned detection capabilities - Provide unmanned CBRN detection capabilities Recon urban terrain remotely Keep crew out of contamination and of direct fire Keep contamination out of the Recon Vehicle - Integrate CBRN detection joint mission specific modules

JSIPP – A pilot project for installation protection Assessed and established CBRNE defense baseline Conducted exercises and evaluated solutions Assisted Services in providing installation CBRNE defense requirements recommendations to the Joint Requirements Office Handed off to larger DoD Installation Protection Program, Guardian

LFADD – CONOPS for decon of large aircraft Tested current CONOPS: 1 hour weathering, 2 hour flight Decontamination Results: Effectively removed liquid contamination surface contamination, but vapor levels remained Hot soapy water was the most effective decontamination method Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) detection equipment was ineffective for field use Sorbent tubes followed by gas chromatographic analysis was effective

CASPOD – Seaport defense and response operations Improved understanding of the effectiveness of CB technologies, both individually and collectively, for CB seaport defense and response operations Improved operational concepts for in-place forces and response forces Improved ability of seaports world-wide to better prepare for and recover from CB attacks

BioNet - Integrating civilian and military capabilities Develop interoperable military and civilian concepts of operation Integrate military and civilian capabilities to detect and characterize a biological event Provide common situational awareness to ensure timely, effective, and consistent response actions DFU (JSIPP) PSU (BioWatch) APDS ASAP

Technology for the Joint Warfighter Develop and execute an agile, flexible, and robust S&T program to meet validated needs Best in class performers pursue innovative solutions Effective technology transitioned to the user