Electron Orbital Diagrams and Electron Configurations Labeling Electrons – Part 2 Supplement to Book – Glencoe: Chapter 19-3

I. Orbitals in Energy Levels (L) This is the 2 nd quantum number The shape of the periodic table is a direct result of the order in which electrons fill the energy sublevels and orbitals.

I. Orbitals in Energy Levels (L) All electrons are found in specific orbitals within each energy level Orbital – very specific space in which there is a high probability of finding an electron, basically a subshell within an energy level There are four types of orbitals  named by their shape

“s” – spherical  like a ball "s" orbital pictures Click link above to see “s” orbitals s-block = Groups 1 and 2, plus helium

“p” – dumbbell  kind of like dumbbell weights "p" orbital pictures Click link above to see “p” orbitals p-block = Groups 13 through 18, excluding helium

“d” – complex  multiple combinations of shapes "d" orbital pictures Click link above to see “d” orbitals d-block = Groups 3-12

“f” – complex  multiple combinations of shapes "f" orbital pictures Click link above to see “f” orbitals f-block = Elements #58-71 and # (pulled out at the bottom)

B. Each type of orbital has a specific number that exist 1. There is only 1 “s” orbital in each energy level, starting in the first energy level (n=1). 2. There are only 3 “p” orbitals in each energy level, starting with the second energy level (n =2). 3. There are only 5 “d” orbitals in each energy level, starting with the third energy level (n=3). 4. There are only 7 “f” orbitals in each energy level, starting with the fourth energy level (n=4).

C. “L” numbers Each orbital shape has a “L” number associated with it: s = 0 p = 1 d = 2 f = 3

D. How many electrons fit? Any single orbital may only hold 2 electrons maximum “Rule of cups”  When the cup is full, it will overflow Can I sit down? Dude, the couch is full. Hello McFly.

II. Electron Orbital Diagrams A. Shows the locations of electrons in specific orbitals in specific energy levels B. Electrons are represented as arrows C. Orbitals are represented at a labeled line or box, in a stair step pattern D. Electrons fill orbitals from lowest energy to highest energy, one electron at a time

II. Electron Orbital Diagrams Examples: Hydrogen, Boron, Titanium Remember “Rule of Urinals”

Rule of Urinals  You never pee beside you buddy unless you have too!  If given a choice, you always choose a new, empty urinal.

III. Electron configurations A. Electron configurations take the electron orbital diagram and condenses it down to letters and numbers to represent the location of electrons within the atom.

III. Electron configurations Examples: Hydrogen, Boron, Titanium