Animal Classification Review Part 1 – Classifying living things (18.1, dichotomous keys) Part 2 – Animal kingdom (25.2, animal lab, cladograms) This review is available on the wiki OG-science.wikispaces.com

Classification Review Scientific NamesClassificationCladograms

Scientific Names What are the two parts of a scientific name? 10 pts Genus and species

Scientific Names What is the two-word naming system called? 20 points Binomial nomenclature

Scientific Name What makes common names confusing for classifying organisms? - 30 points Common names can refer to multiple organisms; many names can be given for 1 species; some common names are ambiguous

Scientific Names Write the scientific name for a species (your choice). – 40 points EX: Homo sapiens

Scientific Names Give 2 characteristics of a useful scientific name points It’s used by everyone universally. It refers to only 1 organism.

Classification Why do we need a system of classification? -10 pts To organize all living organisms into groups that have biological meaning

Classification Who developed the first system of classification? 20 points Carolus Linneaus

Classification What is the genus of the domestic cat Felis catus? 30 points Felis

Classification Traditional (early) classification was based primarily on what? - 40 points Physical features

Classification Name the 7 levels of classification we have today (in order from largest to smallest) – 50 points Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Cladograms How is a cladogram different from a dichotomous key? – 10 points Cladograms are based on evolutionary relationships while dichotomous keys are based on visible physical traits

Cladograms What is a derived character? – 20 points A derived character is a trait that arose in a recent common ancestor and is not found in earlier versions of the organism

Cladograms Name the derived characters in this cladogram – 30 points Four limbs, amniotic egg, hair, specialized shearing teeth, retractable claws

Cladograms What clade(s) has specialized shearing teeth? – 40 points Clade Carnivora and Felidae

Cladograms Which clade includes all the others? How do you know? – 50 points Clade Tetrapoda (having 4 limbs)

Animal Kingdom Review Study Guide Questions

1. Invertebrates are animals that have no… Backbone

2. The distinguishing feature of acoelomates is… A. Bilateral symmetry B. Pseudocoelom C. Lack of body cavity D. Vertebra *C. Lack of body cavity

3. Which of the following animals does NOT show bilateral symmetry as an adult? A. Earthworm B. Great white shark C. Rhinoceros D. Sea anemone *D. Sea anemone

4. In which group of chordates did cartilage first appear? A. Tunicates B. Sharks C. Hagfish D. Lampreys *B. Sharks

5. The fluid-filled space between an animal’s digestive tract and its body wall is the A. Body cavity B. Germ layer C. Notochord D. Segment *A. Body cavity AKA “Coelom”

6. What germ layer develops into the… A. Outer layer of skin * Ectoderm B. Lining of the digestive tract *Endoderm C. Muscular layer *Mesoderm

7. Name 2 types of animals that show radial symmetry: 1. Cnidarians (jellyfish, sea anemones, corals, hydras) 2. Echinoderms (starfish, sand dollars, sea urchins)

8. Name two body plan characteristics shared by all arthropods and chordates: Levels of organization Bilateral symmetry Three germ layers True coelom Segmentation and Cephalization

9. How has the body cavity evolved with the evolution of worms? Flatworm – No body cavity (acoelom) Roundworm – Partial body cavity (pseudo-) Segmented worm – True body cavity (coelom) Platyhelminthes Nematoda Annelida

10. Animals in the Phylum Porifera include: A. Chordates B. Sea stars C. Sea anemones D. Sponges *D. Sponges

11. Most adult echinoderms show this kind of symmetry: Radial

12. What is one way that cnidarians are different from echinoderms? - Levels of organization (echinoderms have organs), # of germ layers, type of body cavity

13. What type of body cavity do most groups have? True coelom – a body cavity completely lined with mesoderm (middle germ tissue layer)

14. List the 5 types of animals in Phylum Chordata Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals

15. List 3 traits that arthropods have that cnidarians do not: Organs Bilateral symmetry 3 germ layers True coelom Segmentation Cephalization

16.a) What characteristics have evolved in fish? a) Vertebrae b) Jaws, paired appendages c) True bone d) Lungs!

16.b) What characteristics have evolved in amphibians? Four limbs

16.c) What characteristics have evolved in reptiles? Amniotic egg Eggs don’t develop in water Dry, scaly skin

16.d) What characteristics have evolved in birds? Endothermy Feathers Hollow bones

16.e) What characteristics have evolved in mammals? Endothermy Hair/fur Mammary glands

17. What characteristic do reptiles have that amphibians do not? Reptiles have lungs, amniotic eggs, eggs don’t develop in water; dry, scaly skin Amphibians 1 st stage of life- no lungs, eggs in water; skin is moist (no scales); go through metamorphosis

18. Which two major groups of fishes evolved from the early jawless fish and still survive today? Chondrichthyes (Cartilaginous fish - Sharks) Osteichthyes (Bony fish)

19. The evolution of jaws and paired fins was an important development in the rise of which group of animals? Sharks (Cartilaginous fish) Class Chondrichthyes

20. List 2 ways that bony fish differ from the other two fish groups: Bony fish: 1. Have bone (Sharks don’t, jawless fish don’t) 2. Have jaws (Jawless fish don’t) 3. Have vertebrae (Hagfish don’t)

21. What adaptation enables birds to live in environments that are colder than those in which most reptiles live? Endothermy Feathers – can use to regulate body temperature

22. What evidence exists to indicate that annelids and mollusks are closely related? Levels of organization, body symmetry, 3 germ layers, true coelom, protostomes, and cephalization

23. The only animal to have an asymmetrical body plan is: Sponges

24. Which of the worm groups has the characteristic of a segmented body? Annelids

25. What was the 1 st group of animals to have cephalization? Arthropods

26. What are 3 general characteristics that ALL animals have? To be included in the Animal Kingdom, an animal must: Be multicellular Be heterotrophic (need food from others) Lack cell walls