Assessing effects of pesticides on the breakdown of organic matter Geoff Frampton Susan Jones University of Southampton, UK Thomas Knacker Joerg Roembke.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Health and Safety Executive Ecotoxicology Annex II and III data requirements Mark Clook Chemicals Regulation Directorate Health and Safety Executive UK.

Advertisements

The conversion of Saul to St Paul (Michelangelo, 1542) Marcel Leist Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair For Alternative in vitro Methods, University Konstanz, Konstanz.

EPAA Annual Conference 2007 Regulatory Acceptance and Implementation of 3Rs approaches Challenges for industry and regulators Dr. Hennicke Kamp BASF Aktiengesellschaft.

Environmental impacts of incidents SPEAKER NAME SPEAKER APPOINTMENT National Contingency Plan – Environment Group Training.

Can Australia’s peanut value chains transform to adapt to future climates?

Francesca Arena European Commission Health and Consumers Directorate General Future data requirements related to bees for the authorisation of plant protection.

Chemistry, Environmental Fate and Transport, Production and Uses Charge Question 2-1: Please comment on whether the information is used appropriately in.

WORLDWIDE INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT First meta-analysis of systemic pesticides - neonics 800 peer reviewed publications 29 independent scientists Environmental.

Decomposition. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Respiration Grazer system Decomposer system Net primary productivity Dead organic matter (a) Forest.

SciTOX TM - a low cost toxicity analyser for environmental applications N Glithero 1, J Hay 1, N Pasco 1, D Patterson 2, R Wattinger 2 and R Weld 1 1 Lincoln.

Environmental Impact Assessment

Health and Safety Executive Regulator’s expectation in implementation of comparative assessment Jayne Wilder Chemicals Regulation Directorate, Health and.

PROTECTFP PROTECT: First Proposed Levels for Environmental Protection against Radioactive Substances Definitions, Derivation Methods to Determine.

“International context and response to draft D5b – a conservation agencies view” PROTECT Workshop, Aix en Provence. 14 May 2008.

Nutrient pump (temperate lake turnover). BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES: A few general points (terrestrial systems): 1.Nutrient cycling is never perfect i.e. always.

Project: Effects of micro- and macrobioturbation produced by soil fauna on the stabilisation of organic matter in agricultural soils DFG SPP 1090 Justus.

The saprotrofic food chain in terrestrial ecosystems : Soil Biota What controls the community / food web structure? Top-down or bottom-up? (predation or.

The simplification of urban ecosystems structure affects soil processes and soil biodiversity Alessandro Ossola 1, Hahs, A.C. 2, Christie, F.J. 3, Nash,

Cut-Offs and Candidates for Substitution:

PROTECTFP Work Package 1:- results from questionnaire and overview of tools for chemical assessment.

Industry View on EFSA Environmental Guidance Document Development and Recent Experiences with Opinions & Guidance Dr Peter Campbell.

Methods for Incorporating Aquatic Plant Effects into Community Level Benchmarks EPA Development Team Regional Stakeholder Meetings January 11-22, 2010.

Ecology Lecture 5 Ralph Kirby.

Key issues in biopesticide regulation Pesticides Safety Directorate 19 June 2007.

Managing and distributing marine biodiversity data to meet the needs of marine conservation Steve Wilkinson, Jon Davies & David Connor Joint Nature Conservation.

Ecological Risk Assessment Definition -Evaluates the likelihood that adverse ecological effects may occur or are occurring as a result of exposure to one.

SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY Protection of the environment from ionising radiation - views of a regulator.

QUALITY CONTROL OF PHYSICO-Chemical METHODS Introduction :Validation توثيق المصدوقية.

Use of ecological models for risk assessments of plant protection products in Europe Pernille Thorbek.

Building risk indicators of surface water contamination by pesticides at the small catchment scale. Taking into account spatial and temporal dimensions.

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): Overview

Soil biological indicators: Organic Farming Systems Dr. Rachel Creamer, Prof. Bryan Griffiths Johnstown Castle Environment Research Centre Acknowledgements:

SIRLE TRESTIP University of Tartu Cagliari 2011

Training Session Product File Notes and Registration Reports, 23 October Registration Report: General aspects M. Trybou Federal Public Service of.

Managing food chain risks: the role of uncertainty Richard Shepherd University of Surrey.

Development and application of guidance documents – industry view Dr Martin Schaefer ECCA-ECPA Conference March 2014.

A generic risk assessment approach for multiple stressors & exposures Geoff Frampton, Guy Poppy, Jamie Sutherland Funded by Ecology & Evolutionary Biology.

SOIL CONDITION INDEX – (SCI) AS AN INDICATOR OF THE SOIL ORGANIC MATTER DYNAMICS AT THE FARM BUTMIR NEAR SARAJEVO Prof. Dr. Hamid Čustović Tvica Mirza.

Combining the strengths of UMIST and The Victoria University of Manchester Participation and e-Participation: Involving Stakeholders in the Management.

Charge Question 4-1: Please comment on the ecotoxicity studies selected to represent the most sensitive species in each of the risk scenarios (acute aquatic,

Advisory group on fruit and vegetables 7 March 2008

Site Description This research is being conducted as a part of the Detritus Input and Removal Treatments Project (DIRT), a cross-continental experiment.

Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices The BfArM is a Federal Institute within the portfolio of the Federal Ministry of Health (BMG) The use of.

Training session File Note and Registration Report, 23 rd October File Note : Partim Fate and Behavior in the environment 23 rd October 2006S. Vanhiesbecq.

1 WEBFRAM 5: A risk assessment module for soil invertebrates Geoff Frampton University of Southampton (UK) Joerg Roembke ECT Oekotoxikologie (DE) Paul.

Consultation seminar on the preparation of full Application Form for LSP 6 December 2011, Tartu Consultation seminar on the preparation of full Application.

Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics Universiteit van Amsterdam Does microbial adaptation through long term exposure leads to biodegradation.

A Global Review of Methodologies for Aquatic Ecological Risk Assessment.

Jaro Vostal, MD, PhD Division of Hematology, OBRR, CBER, FDA

CMA Workshop, Pau 14 May 2008 Validation protocols developed within the NORMAN project David Schwesig (IWW Water Centre, Germany) Contributors: Biosense,

Health and Safety Executive Active Substance Approval Matt Burns Pesticides Branch.

Science and ICT sensing. This diagram highlights some of the ICT key concepts that are particularly significant for science. These are expanded further.

United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods Subcommittee.

NORMAN-CMA Joint Meeting, Paris 21 Oct 2008 NORMAN support for validation of methods at the European level David Schwesig - IWW Water Centre, Germany -

Software Lifecycle Models Place of Testing in Software Lifecycle 1.

Abstract A step-wise or ‘tiered’ approach has been used as a rational procedure to conduct environmental risk assessments in many disciplines. The Technical.

Product & Process Working Group February 26, 2002.

Chapter 9: Systems architecting: Principles (pt. 3) ISE 443 / ETM 543 Fall 2013.

Rigor and Transparency in Research

How to Write a Scientific Journal Article: 101

A.EKBLAD & P.HÖGBERG Plant and Soil 219: , 2000

Dynamics of aggregate stability and biological binding agents

Outdoor Water Sediment Study – Adding Effects of Sunlight to Aquatic System Exposure Assessment Cecilia Mucha Hirata (DuPont Crop Protection, Newark DE,

Making it more relevant! Higher-tier data and Weight of Evidence Day 2. Adam Peters and Graham Merrington 2017.

Else K. Bünemann1 and Christoph Müller2,3

Human Effects on plant growth

ASSESSING THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCE OF POTENTIAL MAJOR ACCIDENTS

CIS workshop : assessment of the ecological status.

EU Water Framework Directive

Questions/comments to EVS (CN)

Presentation transcript:

Assessing effects of pesticides on the breakdown of organic matter Geoff Frampton Susan Jones University of Southampton, UK Thomas Knacker Joerg Roembke Bernhard Foerster ECT Oekotoxikologie, Germany Juliane Filser Holger Mebes University of Bremen, Germany Funded by

Review of available and potential test methods Limitations of the current trigger pathway Alternatives ? Assessing effects of pesticides on the breakdown of organic matter

“ An assessment of effects on breakdown of organic matter is required …” Authorisations Directive 91 / 414 / EEC (as amended by 96 / 12 / EC) Annex III (Formulated products) Point (Effects on other soil non-target organisms) based on chemical persistence data (DT 90 field )

Test for pesticide impact on OM breakdown: exposure in soil is likely, and risk to soil microflora, earthworms, or other soil fauna (e.g. Collembola) DT to 365 days Test required IF… DT 90 < 100 daysTest not required DT 90 > 365 daysTest required

Tests relevant to OM breakdown ? Litter bag Minicontainer Cotton-strip assay Isotopes Bait lamina

Litter bags OM (e.g. straw) enclosed in gauze bagsPrinciple: Duration: Factors measured: Exposure of OM: On soil surface or buried Comments: Typically 6-12 months Mesh size and exposure crucial for realism Litter mass loss (rate)

Minicontainer Similar to litter bag, but smaller PVC containers Principle: Duration:2 - 6 months

Cotton strip assay Measurement of cellulose decompositionPrinciple: Factors measured: Comments:Fungi may increase tensile strength Loss of tensile strength of cotton strips buried in soil

15 N, 14 C, 13 C Isotopes Detection of isotopes from labelled OM which is mixed directly into soil Principle: Comments:Mainly applied in laboratory studies

Bait-lamina method Detects feeding activity of soil organismsPrinciple: Factors measured: Duration: OM bait removed from small (1mm diam.) holes in PVC strips inserted into soil 1-4 weeks

1. Relevance to RA scheme 2. Ecological relevance 3. Experience 4. Flexibility 5. Robustness 6. Practicability 7. Sensitivity 8. Data assessment 9. Reproducibility, repeatability 10. Standardisation, validation Assessment criteria

Litter bag Mini- container Cotton strip Isotopes Bait- lamina 1. Relevance to ERA 2. Ecological relevance 3. Experience 4. Flexibility 5. Robustness 6. Practicability 7. Sensitivity 8. Data assessment 9. Reproducibility, repeatability 10. Standardisation, validation ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

Litter bag is the most appropriate method at present for assessing effects of pesticides on OM breakdown Conclusion… But…

Relevant only to early (microbially-mediated) stages of OM breakdown Limitations of the litter-bag method Acceptability of effects on mass loss are unclear Realistic simulation of exposure for repeat- application chemicals is difficult

Relevant only to early mass loss phase of OM breakdown; does not assess later mineralisation Limitations of the litter-bag method Acceptability of effects on mass loss are unclear Realistic simulation of exposure for repeat- application chemicals is difficult

Relevant only to early (microbially-mediated) stages of OM breakdown Limitations of the litter-bag method Acceptability of effects on mass loss are unclear Realistic simulation of exposure for repeat- application chemicals is difficult

Relevant only to early (microbially-mediated) stages of OM breakdown Limitations of the litter-bag method Acceptability of effects on mass loss are unclear Realistic simulation of exposure for repeat- application chemicals is difficult

Limitations of the overall RA scheme relevance to OM breakdown unclear representativeness of test species unproven functional redundancy and ecological complexity Are soil fauna tests appropriate as a trigger for the OM breakdown test ?

relevance to OM breakdown unclear representativeness of test species unproven Limitations of the overall RA scheme Are soil fauna tests appropriate as a trigger for the OM breakdown test ? functional redundancy and ecological complexity

relevance to OM breakdown unclear representativeness of test species unproven Limitations of the overall RA scheme Are soil fauna tests appropriate as a trigger for the OM breakdown test ? functional redundancy and ecological complexity

Are soil fauna tests appropriate as a trigger for the OM breakdown test ? relevance to OM breakdown unclear representativeness of test species unproven functional redundancy and ecological complexity Limitations of the overall RA scheme

Could functional lower or middle tier tests be used to predict OM breakdown ?

Existing tests related to system function FURTHER TESTS : Nitrification Soil respiration Soil enzymes TIER I TESTS : N transformation C mineralization ?

Enzymes as predictors of OM breakdown ? YES … Because some enzymes have clear roles in OM turnover YES … Because some enzymes (e.g. lignocellulases) are specific to the decomposer fauna BUT … Single enzyme tests are poor predictors of pesticide effects on soil processes

Simultaneous multi-substrate assays for predicting OM breakdown ?

Microbial community profiling using Biolog analyses Catabolic Response Profile - CRP Possible approaches

BiologCRP Test and control soils added to range of enzyme substrates in microtiter plate Range of substrates added to test and control soils After 1 week incubation, enzyme activities in test and control soils determined colorimetrically Over 12h, substrate-induced respiration measured for all substrates

BiologCRP Enzyme activity profiles for test and control soils Catabolic activity profiles for test and control soils Risk assessment scheme ?

Standard methods available, homogeneous substrates Substrate profile could be customised for OM processing Rapid results Biolog / CRP - pros cons Biolog is restricted to culturable microorganisms Predictive capability for OM processing requires clarification Refined method would require validation …these limitations are no worse than for the existing single-species tests !

The litter-bag method is the most appropriate… Concluding remarks But it still has key limitations and uncertainties The OM breakdown trigger pathway for medium-persistence substances does not make ecological sense Could Biolog and / or CRP be more appropriate ‘middle-tier’ (functional) methods than the existing (structural) tests ? Thanks for listening !