Towards Self-Healing Smart Grid via Intelligent Local Controller Switching under Jamming Hongbo Liu, Yingying Chen Department of ECE Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken Muhammad Ali Student ID:

Contents Introduction Current issues Proposed Solutions Conclusion & future work

Introduction in which Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are playing the key role. Reasons called for the modernization of the power grid Estimate the current states of the power grid INCREASING electricity prices Diminishing fossil fuels Rising concerns on Green House Gas (GHG) emissions An electrical grid is an interconnected network for delivering electricity from suppliers to consumers.electricity Generation StationTransmission LineDistribution Line

Smart Grid O Smart grid has modernized the way electricity. o Generated. o Transported. o Distributed. o Consumed. O Integrating advanced sensing, communications, and control in the day-to- day operation of the grid.

Cont.… O Smart Grid is a data communications network integrated with the electrical grid that collects and analyzes data captured in near-real-time about power O Transmission O Distribution O Consumption

Current Issues O The power grid system has many issues which must be resolved. O Black outs O a short- or long-term loss of the electric power to an area.electric power O Brown outs O Voltage drop O Power Quality O Any power problem manifested in voltage, current or frequency deviations that results in failure or miss operation of customer equipment. O Cascade Failure O failure of a part can trigger the failure of successive parts O Carbon emissions

CONT… O We collect useful information from a power grid for enabling control centers to estimate the current states of the power grid. O Such information can be delivered to the control centers via wireless or wired networks.

Security Issues … Cause a wide range of damages to power grids Delay/block meter reading collection Cascade failure Demand & Supply Black outs Various Attacks with drastic impact can be launched in wireless networks Channel Jamming attacksDenial of Service (DoS)

Proposed Solution O We design a communication subsystem with enhanced self-healing capability under the presence of jamming through intelligent local controller switching.

Smart Grid network architecture Aggregate info

Attack model O Wireless medium creates opportunities for jammer to disrupt data between smart meters and local controllers O Jammer can adopt several strategies to disrupt message delivery. O We assume that a jammer can only disturb the message communication in one channel at each time slot. O Two major jamming types: O Random jammer randomly selects a channel and disrupts the data communication without monitoring the channel activities. O Reactive jammer monitors a channel and only launches the attack when there are activities on the channel.

Channel hopping technique O The basic idea of the channel hopping technique is: the communication between the sender and receiver at any particular time slot takes place using a particular channel chosen from a sequence of pre-defined channels (referred to as a hopping sequence), which are pre- loaded into communication devices. O Due to limited channel resources available on each local controller make the channel hopping technique insufficient to defend against jamming attacks in a smart grid.

FRAMEWORK OF I NTELLIGENT LOCAL CONTROLLER SWITCHING WITH CHANNEL HOPPING (LCS-CH) O We propose a framework that actively performs local controller switching with channel hopping to prevent jamming attacks. O A smart meter can utilize all available channels from nearby local controllers to send its readings, and hence increase the chances of such readings being successfully collected by one of the nearby local controllers under jamming, and subsequently by the sub station.

Frame Work  Each smart meter is associated with a primary local controller and can also communicate with a set of nearby local controllers.  Each local controller is pre-configured with a number of channel hopping sequences.  Length of each channel hopping sequence is the same for all local controllers.  Channel used in any particular time slot within a hopping sequence of a particular local controller does not overlap with any nearby local controllers.  The channel hopping technique is triggered by the affected local controllers after a jamming attack is detected

Conclusion O Proposed framework enables smart meters to utilize all the available channels from nearby local controllers to ensure successful data delivery. O Future work : designing a mechanism for negotiating dynamic channel hopping sequences. O H. Liu, Y. Chen, M. C. Chuah, and J. Yang, “Towards self-healing smart grid via intelligent local controller switching under jamming,” 1st IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. Netw. Secur. CNS 2013, pp. 127– 135, H. Liu, Y. Chen, M. C. Chuah, and J. Yang, “Towards self-healing smart grid via intelligent local controller switching under jamming,” 1st IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. Netw. Secur. CNS 2013, pp. 127– 135, 2013.

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