Commercial RDBMSs: Office Access and Oracle Pertemuan 13 Matakuliah: M0564 /Pengantar Sistem Basis Data Tahun : 2008

Bina Nusantara Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa akan mampu : Mahasiswa dapat menerapkan perintah-perintah sql pada commercial RDBMS. (C3) Learning Outcomes 3

Bina Nusantara Acknowledgments These slides have been adapted from Thomas Connolly and Carolyn Begg

Bina Nusantara Microsoft Office Access Oracle Outline Materi 5

Bina Nusantara Microsoft Office Access 2003 Objects Microsoft Access Architecture Table Definition Relationships and Referential Integrity Definition General Constraint Definition Form Reports Macros Object Dependencies

Bina Nusantara Objects User interacts and develops a database using: Table –The base tables that make up the database. –Organized into columns (called fields) and rows (called records) Queries –Allow the user to view, change and analyze data. –Can stored and used as the source of records for forms, reports and data access pages. Forms –Can be used for a variety of purposes such as to create a data entry form to enter data into a table.

Bina Nusantara Objects (Con’t…) Reports –Allow data in the database to be presented in an effective way in a customized printed format. Pages –A (data access) page is a special type of web page designed for viewing and working with data from internet or an intranet. Macros –A Set of one or more actions each of which performs a particular operation. Modules –A collection of VBA declarations and procedures that are stored together as a unit.

Bina Nusantara Multi-User Support File-Server Solutions Client-Server Solutions Database replication solutions Web-based database solutions.

Bina Nusantara Table Definiton Five ways to create a blank (empty) table: Use the database wizard to create in one operation all the tables, form and reports that are required for the entire database. Use the table wizard to choose the fields for the table from a variety of predefined tables. Enter data directly into a blank table (called a datasheet). Use design view to specify all table details from scratch Use the CREATE TABLE statement in SQL View.

Bina Nusantara Relationships and Referential Integrity Definition Relationship can be created in Microsoft Access using –SQL CREATE TABLE –Relationship Window Two things to note about setting referential integrity constraints 1.One-to-Many (1 : *) and One-to-One (1 : 1) 2.There are only two referential integrity action for update and delete –NO ACTION –CASCADE

Bina Nusantara General Constraint Definition To Create general constraints in Microsoft Access using –Validation rules for fields –Validation rules for records –Validation for forms using Visual Basic for Applications (VBA)

Bina Nusantara Microsoft Access - Form Allow a user to view and edit the data stored in the underlying base tables, presenting the data in an organized and customized manner. Contructed as a collection of individual design elements called controls or control objects. Divided into –Form Header –Detail –Form Footer

Bina Nusantara Microsoft Access - Report Special type of continuous form designed specifically for printing, rather than for displaying in a window. Allows the user to –Sort Records –Group Records –Calculate summary information –Control the overall layout and appearance of the report Divided into: –Report Header –Page Header –Detail –Page Footer –Report Footer

Bina Nusantara Oracle9i Objects Oracle Architecture Table Definition General Constraint Definition PL/SQL Subprograms, Stored Procedures, Function and Packages Triggers Oracle Internet Developer Suite Other Oracle Functionality

Bina Nusantara Object Tables –Table is organized into columns and rows. –One or more tables are stored within a tablespace –Oracle supports temporary tables that exist only for the duration of a transaction or session Objects –Object types provide a way to extend Oracle’s relational data type system. Clusters –Cluster is a set of tables physically stored together as one table that shares common columns. Indexes –Index is a structure that provides accelerated access to the rows of a table based on the values in one or more columns.

Bina Nusantara Object (Con’t…) Views –View is a virtual table that does not necessarily exist in the database but can be produced upon request by a particular user at the time of request. Synonyms –Alternative names for objects in the database Sequences –Generate a unique sequence of number in cache. Stored Functions –Set of SQL or PL/SQL statements used together to execute a particular function and stored in the database

Bina Nusantara Object (Con’t…) Stored Procedures –Procedure and functions are identical except that functions always return a value (procedure do not). Packages –Collection of procedure, functions, variables and SQL statements that are grouped together and stored as a single program unit in the database. Triggers –Trigger are code stored in the database and invoked by events that occur in the database.

Bina Nusantara Oracle Architecture

Bina Nusantara General Constraint Definition There are several ways to create general constraints: SQL and the CHECK and CONSTRAINT clauses of the CREATE and ALTER TABLE statements Stored procedures and functions Triggers Methods

Bina Nusantara PL/SQL PL/SQL is –Oracle’s procedural extension to SQL. –Similar to modern programming languages. –Block-structured language. PL/SQL Block has up to three parts: –Optional declaration part –Mandatory executable part –Optional exception part

Bina Nusantara Subprograms and Packages Subprograms are named PL/SQL blocks that can take parameters and be invoked –(Stored) Procedure Will always return a single value to the caller –Functions Only one return value is needed Packages is a collection of procedures, function, variables and SQL statements that are grouped together and stored as a single program unit. –Have two parts Specification Body

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