TAIBU ROBSON MAKUMBA (ZIMBABWE) THEORY AND POSTER PRESENTED BY LAST VIEWED NEXT SLIDE LAST SLIDE FIRST SLIDE PREVIOUS SLIDE END SHOW Flag of Zimbabwe courtesy of

Contents Maslow's hierarchy of needs (1943) Bloom taxonomy theory(1956) Cognitive dissonance theory (Leon Festinger, 1957) Diffusion of innovation (E. Rogers, 1962) Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory (1963)

Maslow's hierarchy of needs(1943) careersintheory.wordpress.com

Summary; Focuses on describing the stages of human growth and the pattern that human motivations move through.

Example If employees are worried about getting fired, with no job security, they will be concerned about friendship and respect.

Reference Maslow, A. H. (1954). Motivation and Personality. New York: Harper and Row Maslow, A. H. (1943). A Theory of Human Motivation. Psychological Review

Bloom taxonomy theory(1956) Source: classweb.gmu.edu

Summary It is a classification of different objectives that educators set for students (learning objectives)

Example When I am in class I am attentive to the instructor, take notes but some of the ideas I have learned in my class differ from my previous beliefs.(UNC Charlotte)UNC Charlotte

Reference Bloom B. S. (1956). Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Handbook I: The Cognitive Domain. New York: David McKay Co Inc Harrow, A. (1972) A Taxonomy of Psychomotor Domain: A Guide for Developing Behavioral Objectives. New York: David McKay

Cognitive dissonance theory (Leon Festinger, 1957) Source:

Summary “ Theory suggests that we have an inner drive to hold all our attitudes and beliefs in harmony and avoid disharmony”. (Festinger 1957)Festinger 1957

Example “ It refers to a situation involving conflicting attitudes like when people smoke (behavior) and they know that smoking causes cancer (cognition )”.( Saul McLeod) Saul McLeod

Reference McLeod, S. (2008). Retrieved December 13, 2013, from Simply Psychology: dissonance.html dissonance.html Festinger, L. (1957). A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press

Diffusion Of Innovation(E.Rogers, 1962) Image courtesy of (worldhistoryreview.org )worldhistoryreview.org

Summary; “Diffusion is the process by which an innovation or any idea is communicated over a period of time among the members of a social system” (Rogers 1962, p. 79)Rogers 1962, p. 79

Example: connection of the theory “There is slow increase at first, then the adoption grows more quickly, but later slows down again when there is innovation. Laptops’ theft may increase with time” ( Roger Clarke). Roger Clarke

References Albertso, N. (2013). Laptop theft spreads across Pep campus. Graphic, 2. Michael, S. (2013, December). Anti-theft software aims to protect laptops. Gazette, 2. Wikipedia. (n.d.). Retrieved December 07, 2013, from wiki: tions tions (2009, february 15). Retrieved December 08, 2013, from Roger Clarke:

Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory (1963) Source:

Summary It is the explanation of behavioral patterns in human being. Source:

Example A project was started to prevent alcohol use among students aged Conclusion showed that less were likely to say they drank alcohol than others who did not join the program. Source:

Reference Bandura, A. & Walters, R.H. (1963). Social Learning and Personality Development. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory: An agentive perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 1-26.