MultiMedia by Stephen M. Peters© 2001 South-Western Information Management Systems

MultiMedia by Stephen M. Peters© 2001 South-Western Information Technologies (IT) Manual and electronic means for creating and handling intellectual capital and facilitating communication—as they relate to an information system. On June 5, 2000, the Commerce Department said that the information technology industry is the number one driver of the American economy.

MultiMedia by Stephen M. Peters© 2001 South-Western Data Include Such Things As Sales figures Customer complaints Inventory items and quantities Government statistics Costs

MultiMedia by Stephen M. Peters© 2001 South-Western Seven Characteristics of Useful Information  Understandable—presented in a suitable form  Reliable—accurate, consistent with fact, and verifiable  Relevant—pertains to a manager’s area of responsibility and is essential  Complete—contains all the facts that a manager needs to make decisions and solve problems  Concise—just enough, omitting material that is not needed  Timely—available when needed, in real time when possible  Cost-effective—created and disseminated at a reasonable cost

MultiMedia by Stephen M. Peters© 2001 South-Western Top-Level Managers Need Information On Competitor s Progress of operational units Technological innovations Economic conditions Legal and political developments Customers’ needs for and acceptance of the products and services

MultiMedia by Stephen M. Peters© 2001 South-Western Management Information System (MIS)  A subsystem within an organization’s IS designed to serve the specific information needs of all decision makers  A formal collection of processes provides managers with the quality of information they need to: –Make decisions –Solve problems –Implement change –Create effective and efficient working environments

MultiMedia by Stephen M. Peters© 2001 South-Western Information Provided Through MIS Helps To Plan Control operations Lead OrganizeStaff Properly use resources

MultiMedia by Stephen M. Peters© 2001 South-Western MIS For An Oil Company

MultiMedia by Stephen M. Peters© 2001 South-Western Developing an IS and MIS Begins With A task force or committee is formed. An inventory is taken of equipment on hand. Machine capabilities along with those of their support personnel are determined. A survey of current information practices is conducted. The organization’s culture and climate must be analyzed.

MultiMedia by Stephen M. Peters© 2001 South-Western MIS Guidelines  Involve users in the system’s design.  Establish clear lines of authority and leadership for the IS personnel.  Establish clear procedures for gathering, sorting, interpreting, displaying, storing, and distributing data and for interacting with the system.  Where technical specialists are used, ensure that both they and the people they support fully understand each specialist’s function and roles.  Build an IS and MIS staff.

MultiMedia by Stephen M. Peters© 2001 South-Western Basic Core Equipment of Any CIS

MultiMedia by Stephen M. Peters© 2001 South-Western The Basic Functions of a CIS Data Entry Application Program Development Application Program Maintenance Data Management Communications Management Helping and educating users Configuring and maintaining the network Assuring data security, access, integrity, and usability Correcting and updating existing application systems Writing new application systems Entering data in machine-readable form System ProgrammingInstalls and maintains the operating system and associated system software Computer Operations Runs the system; involves starting jobs, mounting the proper input and output volumes, and responding to problem conditions End-User Computing FunctionDescription

MultiMedia by Stephen M. Peters© 2001 South-Western End-User Computing, Collateral Problems The first problem concerns control. A second problem concerns possible duplication of expensive software and hardware. The third problem lies in orderly, authorized access to both the organization’s systems and to its database.

MultiMedia by Stephen M. Peters© 2001 South-Western Databases: Organizations’ Most Valuable Assets Loss or impairment may shut down the enterprise Accessing outside databases can be useful but expensive May be created internally

MultiMedia by Stephen M. Peters© 2001 South-Western Computer Hardware Consists Of Control unit Input devices Storage devices Output devices Central processing unit (CPU)

MultiMedia by Stephen M. Peters© 2001 South-Western Protocol  Rules and standards for transferring information between computers  Most common TCP/IP protocols –SMTP for –NNTP for Usenet news groups –FTP for file transfer –DNS for servers exchanging directions with each other

MultiMedia by Stephen M. Peters© 2001 South-Western Artificial Intelligence (AI)  The capability of computers to –Learn –Sense –Think for themselves

MultiMedia by Stephen M. Peters© 2001 South-Western Branches of AI Include: Voice-recognition systems Speech synthesis programs Computer vision Neural networks

MultiMedia by Stephen M. Peters© 2001 South-Western Group Decision Support System Allows a group focusing on a problem to interact with one another Used to exchange information, data, and ideas Used to facilitate conferencing of all kinds Requires networking and meetingware or groupware software programs Used in brainstorming and problem-solving sessions

MultiMedia by Stephen M. Peters© 2001 South-Western EIS Uses Include Forecasting Performing risk and cost-benefit analyses Strategic planning Monitoring quality, productivity, and ethics Social responsibility efforts Linear programming Monitoring critical success factors and stakeholder expectations Running business game situations

MultiMedia by Stephen M. Peters© 2001 South-Western Managing Information Systems Four Basic Challenges  Overcome resistance to the new and different  Enable employees to use the system  Decide what operations to keep and what to outsource  Evaluate the results of the system’s operations

MultiMedia by Stephen M. Peters© 2001 South-Western Overcoming Resistance, Traditional Functional Organizations Have too many levels and filters Impede the flow of and access to information Find it difficult to change the ways in which information is gathered and shared