1. What is Copyright? What is Copyright 2. What is Copyrighted? What is Copyrighted 3. How does it Work? How does it Work? 4. What are the Fair use Exceptions?Exceptions?

Copyrigh Copyright refers to the LEGAL RIGHTS of a person to their OWN ORIGINAL WORK (art, music, writing, or image), which allows them to determine who may publish, copy and distribute it COPYRIGHT When you have the COPYRIGHT on a work, you have the  SOLE Right to  SOLE Right to reproduce the work.  SOLE Right to  SOLE Right to prepare derivative works.  SOLE Right to  SOLE Right to distribute copies for sale.  SOLE Right to  SOLE Right to perform AV works publicly.  SOLE Right to  SOLE Right to display musical and artistic works publicly.  SOLE RIGHT to  SOLE RIGHT to grant others permission to use your work

To give deserved credit to the original author To provide incentive for people to create original works  Copyright allows authors, musicians, artists, etc. to make money off of their labor.  It prevents others from taking their work for free.  It prevents people from altering other’s work without permission To maintain the integrity of learning

If copyright didn’t exist, or can’t be enforced.. The main motive for creative works will disappear There will be less creative, original content Hard to pirate distribution methods will become more prevalent (ex. print and closed databases)

original work created after 1923 All original work created after 1923, is COPYRIGHTED ContentInternet Most Content on the Internet is Copyrighted  Website content  Text messages (e.g., blogs postings, s, etc)  Images, Photographs,  Music  Video clips, Animations  Software copyrighted Materials Other copyrighted Materials:  Literary Works  Musical Works  Dramatic Works  Choreographic Works  Pictorial, Graphic, and Sculptural Works  Motion Pictures and AV  Sound Recordings  Architectural Works

A) Copyright is Automatic There is no need to include a copyright notice. (©, 2003), because it is IMPLIED Copyright is applied to a work when it is “fixed” (which includes saving to it or writing it on paper) B) How Long Does Copyright Last? Life plus 70 years 1.Individuals: Life plus 70 years For anything created on or after years after publication 2.Corporate Authors: 95 years after publication For anything created on or after years 3.Works published between 1923 and 1978: are protected for 95 years.

public domain Anything in the public domain is NOT protected by copyright and is useable by anyone in any way that they want.  No one owns it and anyone can use it public domain What is in the public domain? Published BEFORE 1923  Anything Published BEFORE 1923 is automatically in the Public domain VOLUNTARILYputpublic domain Authors can also VOLUNTARILY put their work in the public domain by including a notice that the item is in the public domain.

Project Gutenberg Project Gutenberg  This project places classics in the public domain online which are scanned by volunteers  Project Gutenberg Project Gutenberg

Fair Use Exceptions Fair Use Exceptions :  Certain limited use of copyrighted materials are allowed for criticism, commenting, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair Use Guidelines: Fair Use Guidelines:  Fair use guidelines allow you to use a portion of copyrighted work, if your use meets these 4 criteria: 1.The Character of the Use 1.The Character of the Use: Did you add new meaning or value to the work? 2.The nature of your End Product: 2.The nature of your End Product: Is it going to be unpublished? 3.The amount used 3.The amount used: Are you only using a little of the work? 4.The effect of the use on the Market: 4.The effect of the use on the Market: If everyone else used as much of the original work as you did, would it have any effect on the sales of the work?

Fair Use Guidelines: Fair Use Guidelines: 1.You can BORROW “ideas ” from the works of others, to include in your own work, in a LIMITED SCOPE! 2.You can include a LIMITED amount of DIRECT QUOTATIONS from copyrighted works 3.Students and Teachers can make a single copy of works, such as articles or photographs, protected by copyright for private study, research, criticism, review, or news reporting 4.You can use excerpts from a book to write a review of it.  BUT  BUT you can’t reproduce whole chapters of the book to review it, without permission 5.Students can perform a copyrighted play, or screen a movie in order to study it, without permission or paying loyalties  BUT  BUT you can’t charge admission and only students in the class can attend the screening.

MIDDLE Ground options, There are some MIDDLE Ground options, between complete copyright and Public Domain, which are available to creators: Licenses Licenses  Creators can retain copyright but allow people to use content under certain terms.  Example: licenses to allow schools permission to use particular movies for free and without permission.  Example: Creative CommonsCreative Commons Open License Open License  Allows others to use the material, but CREDIT MUST be given to the original source.  Any version that others create must also have the open license and be useable by others as well.  Example: WikipediaWikipedia  Example: Linux operating system