World War I

ENTRY #33 As you watch the film today, answer the following questions: How was World War I different from wars before? What caused the War? What were some of the effects of the War?

Europe, Before WWI Europe, After WWI Was it worth10 million dead and 20 million more casualties?

The Setup Militarism: Glorification of military and warfare Naval arms race between the Germans and the British. Imperial competition created tension Elaborate and far- reaching system of alliances, including imperial holdings Total Defense Spending of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Britain, France & Russia (in million £) 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914 94 130 154 268 289 398

Important Alliances The Triple Entente (“The Allies”): France, Russia, Great Britain (on the side of Serbia) VS The Triple Alliance (“Central Powers”/“The Axis”): Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary (plus Ottoman Empire)

Green: Allied Powers Yellow: Central/Axis Powers

The Beginning The beginning of the conflict was the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria- Hungary by a Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip. (6/28/1914) Austria declared war on Serbia, invoking a series of alliances to jump into the war…a domino effect.

Opening Fighting Austria-Hungary attacked Serbia (7/27/1914) Russia ordered mobilization of troops in defense of ally, Serbia (7/29/1914) Germany, ally of Austria, declared war on Russia, (8/1/1914) Germany then attacked France, ally of Russia, through Belgium (Schlieflen Plan) (8/3/1914) Britain then declared war on Germany over attack on ally, France/Belgium (8/4/1914) Note: Italy did not jump in on “their side” This all took about 2 weeks…”The Guns of August”

Schlieffen Plan

The Fighting The fighting on the Western Front primarily occurred in France and Belgium…a near stalemate Most of it “fought” in Trenches…about 12,000 zigzagging, barb-wire-lined trenches on each side facing each other

Trench Foot

New technology made this war different… Machine Guns & Massive Artillery

Airplanes in Battle Tanks to cross trenches

Poison Gas

Total War Total war is a war in which a “belligerent” engages in the complete mobilization of every available resource and member of the population. In the mid-19th century, "total war" was identified by scholars as a separate class of warfare. In a total war, there is less differentiation between combatants and civilians than in other conflicts, and sometimes no such differentiation at all, as nearly every human resource, civilians and soldiers alike, can be considered to be part of the belligerent effort

While WWI did not include much of surface naval war, much was accomplished below the surface, by submarines….Enter the United States