Kinematics The study of motion of an object without regard to the causes of the motion. 1. Linear (only along a straight line along a single axis). 2.

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Presentation transcript:

Kinematics The study of motion of an object without regard to the causes of the motion. 1. Linear (only along a straight line along a single axis). 2. Forces not considered (other than to acknowledge that the forces cause motion). 3. The object in motion will be modeled as a particle.

1-Dimensional Motion The study of motion of an object along only one axis of travel. 1. Horizontally – left to right, right to left 2. Vertically – up to down, down to up

A B Motion – change in position of an object from one point to another point Frame of reference – the object, or point, from which movement is determined or compared. May be the origin on a coordinate system (number line).

An object’s position is its location with respect to a chosen reference point. The point may be the origin of a coordinate system. In the diagram, the road sign is the reference point. Notes: 1-Dimensional Horizontal Motion

Scalar – a quantity that has magnitude (how much) ex. distance, time, mass, volume, speed Vector – a quantity that has magnitude and direction. (how much, which way) ex. displacement, velocity Direction can be represented in 3 various ways: -20Newtons (down) +20 m/s (North) → A - Represented as a line segment with an arrow-tip.

Notes: 1-Dimensional Horizontal Motion Direction can be represented in 3 various ways: 1.by sign: -20Newtons (down) 2.by actual direction: +20 m/s (North) 3. as a graphical line segment with an arrow-tip.

Notes: 1-Dimensional Horizontal Motion Distance – measure of sum total path traveled by an object. Distance is a scalar. Displacement – change of position, in a certain direction, from an initial point to a final point Displacement is a vector.  x = x f - xi

Notes: 1-Dimensional Horizontal Motion Who has the greater displacement? Who has the greater distance?

What is the displacement of the gecko? Notes: 1-Dimensional Horizontal Motion

What is the displacement of the gecko? Notes: 1-Dimensional Horizontal Motion