ENGLISH BUSINESS I TUTOR: LUNGGUH JATMIKA, SS

The Usage of “a” / “an” / “the” “a” follows singular countable nouns begun with consonants. Examples: a ball, a chair, a dictionary etc. Or, follows singular countable nouns begun with vowels which are pronounced as consonants. Examples: a university, a unity etc.

“an” follows singular countable nouns begun with vowels. Examples: an apple, an egg, etc. Or, follows singular countable nouns begun with consonants which are pronounced as vowels. Example: an hour.

 “a” and “an” are used in sentences when they are mentioned by the speakers for the first time. Example:  “I had a sandwich and an apple for lunch. The sandwich wasn’t very good but the apple was nice.”

“the” is used when we are thinking of one particular thing. “the” is used when we are thinking of one particular thing.Examples: - Tom sat down on the chair nearest the door. door. - Did Ann get the job she applied for?

We also use “the” when it is clear in the situation which thing or person we mean. We also use “the” when it is clear in the situation which thing or person we mean.Examples: - Can you turn off the light, please? (= the light in this room) (= the light in this room) - I took a taxi to the station. (= the station in that town) (= the station in that town) - I’d like to speak to the manager, please. (= the manager of this shop) (= the manager of this shop)

 We also use “the” when there is only one of something. Examples: -What is the longest river in the world? -The earth goes round the sun and the moon goes round the earth.  “the” is also used after the capital of a nation. Example: -Paris is the capital of France.

We say: We say: the sky, the sea, the ground, the country, the environment Examples: - We looked up at all the stars in the sky. - Would you rather live in a town or in the country? - We must do more to protect the environment.

Names with and without “The” (1) A. Names without “the” We do not use “the” with names of people, continents, countries, states/regions etc., islands, city/towns etc. We do not use “the” with names of people, continents, countries, states/regions etc., islands, city/towns etc. Examples: Ann Taylor, Africa, France, Texas, Corsica, Cairo.

When we use Mr./Mrs./Captain/Doctor etc. + names, we do not use “the”. So we say: When we use Mr./Mrs./Captain/Doctor etc. + names, we do not use “the”. So we say: Mr. Johnson, Doctor Flash, Captain Dickson, President Carter, Uncle James, Aunt Mary, Saint Catherine, Prince Andrew etc.

We do not use “the” with names of mountains/mounts and lakes. Examples: Mount Everest, Lake Constance Compare: -They live near the lake. -They live near Lake Constance.

 We also do not use “the” with these following words: eastern, northern, western, southern, south-eastern etc. Examples: - We prefer to spend our holiday in northern France. - She lives in south-eastern Spain.

In the same way, we do not use “the” with names of most streets, roads, squares, parks etc. In the same way, we do not use “the” with names of most streets, roads, squares, parks etc.Examples: - Union Street, Fifth Avenue, Hyde Parks, Piccadilly Circus, Broadway, Times Square, Waterloo Bridge etc.

 We do not usually use “the” with names of important buildings or institutions like these: Kennedy Airport, Cambridge University, Victoria Station, Edinburgh Castle, London Zoo, Westminster Abbey, Buckingham Palace, Canterbury Cathedral etc.

Many shops, restaurants, hotels, banks etc. are named after the people who started them. These names end in –’s or -s. We do not use “the” with these names: McDonalds, Jack’s Guest House, Harrods etc.

 Names of companies, airlines etc. are usually without “the”. Examples: Fiat, Sony, British Airways, IBM etc.

B. Names with “the” We use “the’ in the name with “Republic”, “Kingdom”, “States” etc. We use “the’ in the name with “Republic”, “Kingdom”, “States” etc.Examples: The United States of America (The USA), The United Kingdom (The UK), The Indonesian Republic etc.

 We use “the” with the names of oceans, sea, rivers and canals. Examples: The Atlantic Ocean, The Indian Ocean, The Red Sea, The Suez Canal, The Nile, The River Amazon etc.

We use “the” with plural names of people and places (people, countries, groups of islands and mountain ranges). We use “the” with plural names of people and places (people, countries, groups of islands and mountain ranges).Examples: The Taylors (= The Taylors Family), The Netherlands, The Canaries, The British Isles, The Alps etc.

Places which are usually have names with “the”:  Hotels/Restaurants/Pubs: The Ritz Hotel, The Bombay, The Red Lion  Theatres/Cinemas: The Palace Theatre, The Odeon Cinema

Museums/Galleries: Museums/Galleries: The British Museum, The Oriental Gallery Other buildings: Other buildings: The Empire State Building, the Festival Hall, the White House

Oceans/Seas/Canals: Oceans/Seas/Canals: the Indian Ocean, The Mediterranean Sea, the Suez Canal. Names of newspapers: Names of newspapers: The Washington Post, The Financial Times

 Names of organizations: The European Union, The British Broadcasting Corporation

Names with …of… usually have “the’ Names with …of… usually have “the’Examples: The Bank of England, the Gulf of Mexico, the Great Wall of China etc.