Chapter 20 Sections 2 and 3 Development of the Cold War

The Cuban Question In 1959, President Kennedy approved the Bay of Pigs and revolt against the Soviet- supported Cuban dictator, Fidel Castro. In 1959, President Kennedy approved the Bay of Pigs and revolt against the Soviet- supported Cuban dictator, Fidel Castro. The invasion failed. The invasion failed. In 1962 Khrushchev began to place nuclear missiles in Cuba to counteract U.S. nuclear weapons placed in Turkey, close to the Soviet Union. In 1962 Khrushchev began to place nuclear missiles in Cuba to counteract U.S. nuclear weapons placed in Turkey, close to the Soviet Union. In October 1962, Soviet ships carrying nuclear missiles were headed to Cuba. In October 1962, Soviet ships carrying nuclear missiles were headed to Cuba. So he ordered a blockade of Cuba So he ordered a blockade of Cuba Khrushchev agreed to send the ships back and remove nuclear missiles in Cuba if Kennedy agreed not to invade Cuba. Khrushchev agreed to send the ships back and remove nuclear missiles in Cuba if Kennedy agreed not to invade Cuba.

Vietnam and the Dominos The Vietnam War had an important impact on the Cold War. The Vietnam War had an important impact on the Cold War. Its purpose was to keep the Communist government of North Vietnam from gaining control of South Vietnam. Its purpose was to keep the Communist government of North Vietnam from gaining control of South Vietnam. U.S. policy makers applied the domino theory to the Vietnam War. U.S. policy makers applied the domino theory to the Vietnam War. om/2009/05/best-falling- domino-video-of html om/2009/05/best-falling- domino-video-of html om/2009/05/best-falling- domino-video-of html om/2009/05/best-falling- domino-video-of html

Soviet Leaders Stalin Stalin Nikita Khrushchev Nikita Khrushchev

Reign of Stalin By 1950,Heavy industry, the manufacture of machines and equipment for factories and mines, increased. By 1950,Heavy industry, the manufacture of machines and equipment for factories and mines, increased. In 1946, the Soviet government said that all literary and scientific work must conform to the political needs of the state. In 1946, the Soviet government said that all literary and scientific work must conform to the political needs of the state.

Nikita Khrushchev de-Stalinization, or the process of eliminating some of Stalin ’ s ruthless policies, was put in place de-Stalinization, or the process of eliminating some of Stalin ’ s ruthless policies, was put in place allowed the publication of a work by Alexander Solzhenitsyn that depicted life in a Siberian forced-labor camp. allowed the publication of a work by Alexander Solzhenitsyn that depicted life in a Siberian forced-labor camp.

Eastern Europe: Behind the Iron Curtain Albania, the Communist government grew increasingly independent of the Soviet Union. Albania, the Communist government grew increasingly independent of the Soviet Union., Yugoslavia, led by Josip Broz, or Tito, was an independent Communist state until Tito ’ s death in 1980., Yugoslavia, led by Josip Broz, or Tito, was an independent Communist state until Tito ’ s death in 1980.

Revolts Vs. Soviets In 1956, after calls for revolt from Soviet control, Hungarian leader Imre Nagy declared Hungary a free nation. In 1956, after calls for revolt from Soviet control, Hungarian leader Imre Nagy declared Hungary a free nation. Three days later, Soviet troops attacked Budapest and reestablished control of the country. Three days later, Soviet troops attacked Budapest and reestablished control of the country. In January 1968, Alexander Dubček was elected first secretary of the Communist party in Czechoslovakia. In January 1968, Alexander Dubček was elected first secretary of the Communist party in Czechoslovakia. By August 1968, the Soviet Army invaded Czechoslovakia, crushed the reform movement, and reestablished Soviet control. By August 1968, the Soviet Army invaded Czechoslovakia, crushed the reform movement, and reestablished Soviet control. Called the Prague Spring Called the Prague Spring

Problems in Western Europe and North America France: France: For almost 25 years after World War II, France was mostly led by Charles de Gaulle. For almost 25 years after World War II, France was mostly led by Charles de Gaulle. France became a major industrial producer and exporter. France became a major industrial producer and exporter. Government deficits and a rise in the cost of living led to unrest. Government deficits and a rise in the cost of living led to unrest.

West Germany From 1949 to 1963, Konrad Adenauer, leader of the Christian Democratic Union, served as chancellor of West Germany. From 1949 to 1963, Konrad Adenauer, leader of the Christian Democratic Union, served as chancellor of West Germany. Under Adenauer ’ s leadership and that of the minister of finance, Ludwig Erhard, West Germany ’ s economy was revived. Under Adenauer ’ s leadership and that of the minister of finance, Ludwig Erhard, West Germany ’ s economy was revived.

Great Britain The Labour Party, which promised far-reaching reforms, defeated Churchill ’ s Conservative Party. The Labour Party, which promised far-reaching reforms, defeated Churchill ’ s Conservative Party. Prime Minister Clement Attlee welfare state–a state in which the government takes responsibility for providing citizens with services and a minimal standard of living. Prime Minister Clement Attlee welfare state–a state in which the government takes responsibility for providing citizens with services and a minimal standard of living.

European Unity In 1957, France, West Germany, the Benelux countries, and Italy created the European Economic Community (EEC), also known as the Common Market. In 1957, France, West Germany, the Benelux countries, and Italy created the European Economic Community (EEC), also known as the Common Market. The six member nations would impose no tariffs on each other ’ s goods. The six member nations would impose no tariffs on each other ’ s goods.

U.S. in the 1950s Between 1945 and 1973 real wages–the actual purchasing power of income–grew an average of 3 percent a year. Between 1945 and 1973 real wages–the actual purchasing power of income–grew an average of 3 percent a year. The Cold War led to widespread fear The Cold War led to widespread fear Senator Joseph R. McCarthy Senator Joseph R. McCarthy created a massive “ Red Scare. ” created a massive “ Red Scare. ”

U.S. in the 1960s: Presidential Changes President John F. Kennedy, the youngest elected president of the United States, was assassinated in President John F. Kennedy, the youngest elected president of the United States, was assassinated in Vice President Lyndon Johnson became president and was elected in a landslide victory to another term in Vice President Lyndon Johnson became president and was elected in a landslide victory to another term in President Johnson ’ s Great Society programs included health care for the elderly, measures to fight poverty, and aid to education. President Johnson ’ s Great Society programs included health care for the elderly, measures to fight poverty, and aid to education.

Civil Rights in the U.S. The U.S. civil rights movement began in 1954 with the Supreme Court ruling that made racial segregation in public schools illegal. Brown V. Board of Ed. Of Kansas The U.S. civil rights movement began in 1954 with the Supreme Court ruling that made racial segregation in public schools illegal. Brown V. Board of Ed. Of Kansas In 1963 the Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., a leader of the civil rights movement, led a march on Washington, D.C., for equality. In 1963 the Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., a leader of the civil rights movement, led a march on Washington, D.C., for equality. He advocated the use of passive disobedience in gaining racial equality. He advocated the use of passive disobedience in gaining racial equality.

President Johnson ’ s responses to Dr. King In 1964 the Civil Rights Act helped end segregation and discrimination in the workplace and in public places. In 1964 the Civil Rights Act helped end segregation and discrimination in the workplace and in public places. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 made it easier for African Americans to vote in southern states. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 made it easier for African Americans to vote in southern states.

Racial Tension in the U.S. In 1965, race riots began in the Watts district of Los Angeles. In 1965, race riots began in the Watts district of Los Angeles. In 1968, after the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., race riots broke out in over a hundred cities in the United States. In 1968, after the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., race riots broke out in over a hundred cities in the United States. The race riots caused a “ white backlash, ” and racial division in the United States continued. The race riots caused a “ white backlash, ” and racial division in the United States continued.

Emergence of the New Society A consumer society developed as real wages increased. A consumer society developed as real wages increased. Buying on credit became widespread in the 1950s. Buying on credit became widespread in the 1950s. Birthrates rose, creating a “ baby boom ” in the late 1940s and the 1950s. Birthrates rose, creating a “ baby boom ” in the late 1940s and the 1950s. /video/watch/?id= n /video/watch/?id= n /video/watch/?id= n /video/watch/?id= n

The New Woman Many women worked and raised families at the same time. Many women worked and raised families at the same time. By the late 1960s, women renewed their interest in the women ’ s liberation movement. By the late 1960s, women renewed their interest in the women ’ s liberation movement. The Second Sex by Simone de Beauvoir influenced both the American and European women ’ s movements. The Second Sex by Simone de Beauvoir influenced both the American and European women ’ s movements.

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