MEASUREMENT OF VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION Velocity = distance over 10 spaces multiplied by 5. Use a = (v-u)/t to find acceleration Precautions Dust track to reduce friction Slope track to cancel gravity Repeat and average

TO SHOW THAT a ∝ F Weights Ticker timer Trolley Ticker tape Track Plot a (y axis) against F (x axis) Mass = 1/slope Precautions Keep the mass of the system constant Dust track to reduce friction Slope track to cancel gravity

VERIFICATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM Track Ticker timer Trolley Ticker tape Blue tac Measure mass on a scales and velocity form the tape. M1 x U before equals (M1 + M2)V after collision Precautions Repeat and average. Dust track to reduce friction

VERIFICATION OF BOYLE’S LAW Measure volume on the syringe and pressure on the data logger Plot Pressure (x axis) against 1/volume (y axis) Precautions Change pressure slowly to avoid the gas being heated. Avoid parallax when reading volume

INVESTIGATION OF THE LAWS OF EQUILIBRIUM FOR A SET OF CO-PLANAR FORCES The upward forces equals the downward forces. The clockwise moments equals the anticlockwise moments. Get the centre of gravity of the metre stick by finding its balance point. Find its mass also. Precautions Avoid parallax with the distances. Make sure the newton balances read zero before starting

MEASUREMENT OF g Measure the distance s from the bottom of the ball to the trap door. Measure the shortest time t it takes to fall. Graph s (y axis) against t 2 (x axis) G = 2 x Slope Precautions Use big distance to reduce percentage error. Avoid parallax with distances

INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERIOD AND LENGTH FOR A SIMPLE PENDULUM AND HENCE CALCULATION OF g Measure length l of pendulum and time for 20 swings. Graph length (y axis) against time for one swing squared (x axis) G = 4π 2 x slope Precautions Greater pendulum lengths have less percentage error. Measure length to the centre of the bob.