D O NOW ACTIVITY ~ IN NOTEBOOK 1) W HO WERE 3 MAJOR PARTICIPANTS AT THE L OCARNO C ONFERENCE ? 2) W HAT WAS THE MAIN GOAL OF THE L OCARNO C ONFERENCE ? 3) W HAT DID THE L OCARNO C ONFERENCE NOT ADDRESS ? 10/22 & 10/23

I MPACT OF THE G REAT D EPRESSION ON P EACE & D ISARMAMENT Overview: Great Depression following 1929 Wall Street Crash in USA had far reaching social, economic, and political consequences Most severely affection nation was Germany – unemployment levels reached 6 million – democratic gov’t fell – Nazi Party takes control Russia not affected by Great Depression Japan responded to the collapse of their trade and economic difficulties by issuing aggressive policies in China – 1937 full scale wear Challenges of Great Depression & rise of Nazi Party contributed to failure of Disarmament Conf. in 1933

I MPACT OF THE G REAT D EPRESSION Wall Street Crash Loans to Europe End Industry Shrinks (particularly in Germany) Increase in unemployment Tariffs to protect industry People have less to spend International Trade collapses Profits for industry fall

E CONOMIC IMPACT Could not sell goods overseas Consumers choose to buy home produced goods Imposed tariffs on foreign goods 70% decline in world trade from 1929 – 1932 In US 30% of labor force was out of work Close economic ties between USA, Germany, Britain, and France meant crash had significant impact on those nations Britain & France DEMANDED Germany pay them so they could honor their own debts to US = Germany economy into freefall

P OLITICAL REPERCUSSIONS OF THE G REAT D EPRESSION ~ G ERMANY 6 million unemployed by only 2.6% of popular vote Nazi Party received % of popular vote Nazi Party received Nazi party offered solutions to unemployment, poverty and political party gained momentum helping Adolf Hitler assume power in 1934

I TALY Benito Mussolini came to power in 1922 before the Great Depression Mussolini believed that the corporate state would ensure that everyone worked for the benefit of the country, rather than for themselves Each area of industry (coal, steel) had a corporation of workers and employers who discusses all issues relating to activity Italy was not as badly affected by the Depression as other countries and helped Mussolini justify his claim that the corporate state was a success

S OVIET U NION Least affected by Great Depression – European outcast following the Russian Revolution Russia not involved in world trade following WWI Deprssion gave Russia chance to catch up economically with the Western Powers Soviet leader Joseph Stalin introduced a series of Five Year Plans Wanted to move from an agriculture based society to a modern industrial nation

B RITAIN Democracy never threatened even though unemployment reached 3 million people Rejected public work schemes as a solution to the crisis Concerned with a balanced budget Export industries in Britain suffered the most

F RANCE Gov’t income dropped by 33% when German reparation payments were abandoned Led to political consequences – riots and strikes

USA million unemployed FDR introduced the New Deal Relief, Recovery, Reform

J APAN Silk industry was a luxury product and large amount was exported to US prior to the depression Japan had few raw materials of its own – relied heavily on imports from Manchuria Growing population – 1 million a year – no fertile soil – increasingly difficult to feed population Depression allowed for military & patriotic groups to increase power

L EAGUE OF N ATIONS FROM Countries began to look for areas to expand to obtain raw materials and new markets due to world trade being down USSR was concerned about the rise of fascism and militarism in Germany, Italy, and Japan Stalin did not trust the Western Democracies he was desperate for an alliance with Britain and France – wanted to improve Soviet security 1934 Russia admitted to the League

D ISARMAMENT London Conference 1930 – attempts to expand the Washington Agreement = resulted in Treaty for Limitation and Reduction of Naval Armament Added more restrictions on submarines and smaller warships Japan allowed to match their naval ratio to that of US & Britain

G ENEVA D ISARMAMENT C ONFERENCE 1932 – 1934 Attended by 61 nations including both the US & Russia First problem – disagreeing on meaning of disarmament – What did it include? How to carry out any agreement reached? Who would verify the agreements were being honored? What would happen if country disarmed and then attacked? Who would help it? 1933 Hitler came to power in Germany – stated that if equality could not be reached Germany would break T. of V. and build up its own arms Hitler withdrew from the conference the League of Nations

E XIT C ARD – U SE Y OUR N OTES 1) Identify 2 strengths of League of Nations 2) Identify 2 Weaknesses of League of Nations 3) Define 4, 5, & 9 Power Agreement 4) Why was the Geneva Protocol a failure? Why was the Kellogg Briand Pact a failure? Describe why France invaded the Ruhr: What was the goal of the Locarno Conference? Outcome How did the Great Depression effect Germany, Italy, France, Britain, Japan?