1.2 Levels of Organization Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 9 Topic: 1.2 Levels of Organization Essential Question: Explain how organs and organ systems are related. 1.2 Levels of Organization 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Explain how organs and organ systems are related.

Levels of Organization

Levels of Organization Subatomic Particles – electrons, protons, neutrons Atom – Basic unit of matter Molecule – Atoms bound together Macromolecule – Molecules bound together

Organelles: Carry out specific activities in the cell Exs: Mitochondria- powerhouse of cell Nucleus- contains genetic info (DNA)

Cells: Basic unit of life Cells: Basic unit of life. Organisms are made up of specialized cells that each have a particular structure that enables it to perform a specific task Exs: Red blood cell- delivers oxygen to all tissues Nerve cell- provides a pathway for electrochemical nerve impulses

Tissues: are groups of similar cells working together to perform a specialized function Exs: Epithelial tissue Muscle tissue tissue cell

Organs: are different types of tissues working together to perform a function Exs: Stomach Liver Lungs

Organ systems: two or more organs working together to perform a function Perform the most complex activities in the body Exs: Respiratory system Circulatory system Digestive system

There are 11 major organ systems in the human body (p. 856 in bio book)

Organism: The organ systems make up the entire organism. For the organism to stay alive, all of the systems must interact and work together.

Levels of Organization (2m29s) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZRFykdf4kDc

Levels of Organization Flow Map Example Organ System Cells Tissue Organ Organism Lungs Site where gases are exchanged Human Epithelial lung Tissue Epithelial lung cell Respiratory System Brings O² for cells Expels CO² and water vapor Nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs

Levels of Organization Flow map Start by picking your organ system, organ, etc… You MAY NOT use the respiratory system

Levels of Organization Flow Map (p. 8) Cells/Organelles p. 77-91 Systems/Organs p. 887-1011 BIO book 910-993 *856 Cells Tissues Organ Organ System Organism Type of Cell Type of Tissue Name of specific organ Function of your organ Organism (human) Name of organ system Function of your organ system Include list of organs involved Picture Picture Picture Picture Picture

Characteristics of Life Movement – change in position; motion Responsiveness – reaction to a change Growth – increase in body size; no change in shape Reproduction – production of new organisms and new cells Respiration – obtaining oxygen; removing carbon dioxide; releasing energy from foods

Characteristics of Life Digestion – breakdown of food substances into simpler forms Absorption – passage of substances through membranes and into body fluids Circulation – movement of substances in body fluids Assimilation – changing of absorbed substances into chemically different forms Excretion – removal of wastes produced by metabolic reactions

Requirements of Organisms Life depends on five environmental factors water food oxygen heat pressure

Requirements of Organisms Water - most abundant substance in body - required for metabolic processes - required for transport of substances - regulates body temperature Food - provides necessary nutrients - supplies energy - supplies raw materials

Requirements of Organisms Oxygen (Gas) - one-fifth of air - used to release energy from nutrients Heat - form of energy - partly controls rate of metabolic reactions Pressure - application of force on an object - atmospheric pressure – important for breathing - hydrostatic pressure – keeps blood flowing

Clinical Application: Medical Imaging Noninvasive procedures Provide images of soft internal structures Ultrasonography (aka Ultrasound) Use of high-frequency sound waves Relatively quick and inexpensive Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Requires injection of dye Produces computerized images from different angles