 Identify the purpose for blood transfusion.  Identify the required assessment before transfusion.  List of the preparation before blood transfusion.  Describe the procedure of blood transfusion.  Identify the termination phase.

 To restore blood volume after sever hemorrhage.  To restore oxygen – carrying capacity of the blood.  To provide plasma factors, such as AHF factor or factor VIII, or platelet concentrates, with prevent or treat bleeding.

Assess the following  Clinical signs of reaction (e.g, sudden chills, fever, nausea, itching, rash, low back pain, dyspnea).  Manifestation of hyper volemia.  Status of infusion site.  Any unusual symptoms.

 Blood product.  Blood Administration set (filter # 10).  250 ml NS for infusion.  Venipuncture set containing a # 18 to 20 gauge needle catheter.  Alcohol swab.  Tape.  Clean gloves.

Prepare the client:  Explain the purpose of the procedure.  Instruct the client to report any sudden chills, nausea, itching, rash, dyspnea, back pain, or unusual symptoms.  Perform venipuncture and start an IV infusion with NS.

 Obtain the correct blood component for the client.  Check the request and the blood bag.  Compare the laboratory blood record with another RN nurse.

Check for:  Client name  Identification number.  Blood type ( A,B,AB or O) and Rh group.  Blood donor number.  Expiration date of the blood.  Observe blood for abnormal color, gas bubbles and extarneous material.

 Make sure that the blood is left at room temperature for no more than 30 minute before starting the infusion.

 Perform venipuncture using #18 - #20 canula.  Use the Y set, Prime the Y-set by 250 ml of NS and start infusion using one spike of the Y-set.

 Establish blood transfusion.  Take the vital signs before blood transfusion.  Readjust the flow rate with the main clamp.  Observe client closely for the first 5-10 minutes.  Take the vital signs after the first minutes.  Monitor the client.  Document the relevant data.

Terminate the blood transfusion:  Stop blood transfusion and clamp the tube.  Continue the primary IV solution to flush the maintenance line with NS.  Take vital signs after blood transfusion.