Activity: Filtration and Distillation How can mixtures be separated based on their properties?

PART 1: SEPARATING A MIXTURE BY FILTRATION

(1) Observe the mixture at your lab bench Does the mixture appear to be homogeneous or heterogeneous? Explain how you know. The mixture is heterogeneous because… One can see a clear liquid and black particles

(2)In your journal, draw and label the experimental set up and results of filtrations.

(3) read the “Filtration” section on page 50 of your textbook.  Define “filtration” and give an example of how people use this process in their daily lives. Filtration – a process that separates materials based on their particle size. Example: Tea leaves from water Coffee grounds & water Cooked pasta & water

(3) continued  What is the property of the “parts” of the mixture that allows you to separate a mixture using filtration? Charcoal particles are larger than gaps in Filter paper. AND Gaps in Filter paper are larger than water particles.

PART 2: SEPARATING A MIXTURE BY DISTILLATION

Obtain a “secret substance” from the center cart. Record the letter on the flask in your journal. Does this substance appear to be pure or impure? Explain. Substance A: Pure – nothing was left inside the flask Water Substance B: Impure – a white residue was left in the flask Salt Water

Read the “Distillation” section on page 50 of your textbook. Define “distillation” and give an example of how people use this process in their daily lives. What is the property of the “parts” of a mixture that allows you to separate a mixture using distillation? Distillation – a process of separating substances based on their boiling point Each part of the mixture has a different boiling point.

Was your “secret substance” a compound or a homogeneous mixture? Explain your reasoning. Substance A: Water Compound Evidence: Steam while heating nothing was left in the flask Substance B: Salt water Homogeneous mixture Evidence: Steam while heating White residue was left in the flask

What are the properties of the 2 substances in the homogeneous mixture? Water 100 o C White substance must boil at a higher temperature than water.

PART 3: APPLYING WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

Application/ Homework: If you were given a mixture of sand and salt water, how could you separate this mixture into 3 separate pure substances? Write the steps that explains how you would go about separating this mixture, name the processes used and identify the properties of matter used to separate each substance. HINT: does it matter whether you use filtration or distillation first? Why or why not?