Fuels Learning objectives To learn that fuels burn to release energy To consider evidence from a practical and make a conclusion Starter Construct a mind map of all the fuels you know Fuels Wood

The ULTIMATE energy source The sun is the ultimate source of all our energy. For example, we often get energy from beef: BEEF comes from COWS, COWS eat GRASS, GRASS gets energy from the sun

Food Food gives us energy. The amount of energy it contains is measured in joules (J). Look at the different labels of food. Find out which foods give you more energy.

Name/ type of food Energy (kJ) or (J) Fat (g) Labels on food Conclusion: 1.Which food(s) give out the most amount of energy. 2.Which food(s) give out the least amount of energy.

How much energy? Equipment Cork stand Boiling tube Clamp stand Different foods Tongs Thermometer Bunsen burner Heatproof mat Method Pour 20 cm 3 of water into the boiling tube, clamp the boiling tube and thermometer as shown in the diagram. Measure the temperature of the water, and write it in your table. Hold one snack in the tongs and set fire to it in the Bunsen burner flame, hold the burning food under the boiling tube of water, until it has finished burning. Use the thermometer to measure the highest temperature of the water and write it in your table. Aim: To measure how much energy is released from different foods

Planning and Predicting In this experiment you will hold the burning food under the boiling tube of water. Make a list of all the things that you could measure. You are going to compare the energy given out by two pieces of food. How will you make it a fair test? Write down what you will keep the same. Identify the variables Construct a table to record your results

Name of food Temperature of water at the start Temperature of water at the end Rise in temperature

Considering the evidence Do calculations to help you decide which food gave out more heat energy Draw a bar chart to show your results. Which food gave out more energy? Evaluating How could you make sure you would always get the same results? Did you measure your foods? If not, how could you have done this? The test might be more fair if you thought about the temperature rise per gram of food. Write down how you would work this out.

Transferring Energy Learning Objectives State the different types of energy Explain simple energy transfers Starter Pick an object in the picture and identify the type of energy. E.g. stars and moon are light energy Find as many as you can!

Write down different types of energy Use the textbook to help you identify the different types of energy. Complete in your exercise book

Write down different types of energy Heat Kinetic (movement) Nuclear Sound Light Chemical Electrical Gravitational potential Elastic potential

Which type of energy?

Energy changes To describe an energy change for a light bulb we need to do 3 steps: Electricity Light + heat 1) Write down the starting energy: 3) Write down what energy types are given out: 2) Draw an arrow What are the energy changes for the following…? 1)An electric fire 2)A rock about to drop 3)An arrow about to be fired

burning match portable torch microphone radio television catapult mobile phone car chemical to heat and light sound to electrical electrical to sound and heat electrical to sound and light and heat elastic to kinetic and heat chemical to sound and microwaves (EM radiation) and heat chemical to kinetic and sound and heat In all these transfers the energy is not lost, it is conserved. Energy cannot be destroyed or created. What energy transfer takes place in each device?

Energy flow diagrams Diagram 1 Diagram 2 Diagram 3

Practical - transferring energy Aim: To identify the energy being transferred in different toys and devices Method You will have nine different devices set up around the room. In pairs you will work out the energy transfer at each workstation. Results: record your results in a table ObjectEnergy Transfer

Fossil Fuels Learning Objectives Explain what fossil fuels are and where they come from Discuss renewable and non-renewable energy sources Starter: match the fuel with where it comes from (the table is wrong!) FuelWhere it comes from WoodFermented from plant material, which grows AlcoholMethane produced from things which grow ManureFrom wood that is partially burned in a limited air supply CharcoalFrom trees, which grow BiogasFrom animals that eat things, which grow

Fossil fuels Coal Oil Gas

Where do fossils come from? Firstly, tiny sea creatures died and sank to the sea floor. The creatures were covered by layers of sand and mud to become rock. Heat and pressure turns the remains of the creatures into oil and gas. The oil and gas are squeezed out from the bottom. Finally, we can use them as fuel. Put these sentences in order so they describe where fossils come from

Firstly, tiny sea creatures died and sank to the sea floor. The creatures were covered by layers of sand and mud to become rock. Heat and pressure turns the remains of the creatures into oil and gas. The oil and gas are squeezed out from the bottom. Finally, we can use them as fuel.

1.Copy the table below and use the information in the bar chart to complete it 2. Write down two reasons why there may still be oil that we can use after the year Make a list of ways in which we can reduce the amount of energy resources that we need to use FuelYear when it will run out Number of years fuel will last How much longer?

How can we save energy?

Energy Costs

Renewable energy sources Wind Tidal Hydro-electric Geothermal Biomass Wave

Renewable or non-renewable?

Different Fuels Each person in your group takes a few cards (all cards must be dealt out). Take it in turns to read out the information on the card and put them into two piles: renewable or non-renewable Look at the renewable pile. Decide how long it would take to get some more once you have burned all the fuel you have. Put the cards in order, with the ones that can be replaced most quickly at the top. Make a list of the fuels in order with the heading replacement time Some renewable fuels only have to be collected, others have to be made. Re-order your renewable fuel cards with the easiest to make at the top and the one that needs the most complicated technology at the bottom. Make another list of the fuels in order, with the heading ease of replacement

Label your house to show the different ways to reduce heat being lost from a house.